Table 1.
Subject characteristics stratified by race/ethnicity
| Variable | All n (weighted %) |
Race/ethnicity, weighted column % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White n = 17,100 (30.4%) |
Chinese n = 2222 (5.9%) |
Filipino n = 5590 (16.8%) |
Japanese n = 8800 (20.9%) |
NHPI n = 6998 (14.6%) |
Hispanic n = 2036 (5.2%) |
Other n = 2484 (6.2%) |
||
| Predisposing variable | ||||||||
| Sex, male | 21,848 (50.0) | 54.0 | 49.8 | 46.7 | 46.1 | 47.7 | 54.6 | 54.1 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–44 years | 13,975 (46.3) | 43.6 | 40.1 | 52.1 | 27.9 | 63.4 | 63.9 | 57.8 |
| 45–64 years | 17,334 (33.2) | 35.2 | 34.7 | 32.7 | 37.9 | 25.9 | 26.7 | 29.7 |
| ≥ 65 years | 13,921 (20.5) | 21.2 | 25.2 | 15.2 | 34.2 | 10.7 | 9.4 | 12.5 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 23,754 (54.5) | 58.2 | 54.9 | 57.7 | 55.0 | 45.1 | 49.9 | 52.1 |
| Single | 9931 (27.6) | 22.2 | 29.2 | 28.2 | 24.9 | 38.6 | 32.4 | 30.3 |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 11,366 (17.8) | 19.5 | 15.9 | 14.0 | 20.1 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 17.6 |
| Education | ||||||||
| ≤ High school graduate | 14,245 (39.3) | 31.9 | 27.5 | 47.9 | 30.3 | 59.4 | 49.9 | 37.0 |
| Some college | 12,574 (33.5) | 34.2 | 31.4 | 34.6 | 34.7 | 28.3 | 34.0 | 36.7 |
| College graduate | 18,308 (27.3) | 33.9 | 41.1 | 17.5 | 35.0 | 12.3 | 16.1 | 26.2 |
| Enabling variable | ||||||||
| Employment, employed | 25,208 (61.3) | 62.8 | 57.2 | 68.1 | 54.4 | 61.5 | 62.7 | 62.0 |
| Income | ||||||||
| < $50,000 | 21,107 (44.1) | 38.5 | 35.5 | 55.0 | 34.2 | 57.9 | 2.4 | 44.1 |
| ≥ $50,000 | 19,723 (45.0) | 52.5 | 51.2 | 32.2 | 53.5 | 32.3 | 38.4 | 43.6 |
| Missing | 4400 (10.9) | 9.0 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 12.3 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 12.3 |
| Housing status, own | 26,350 (62.0) | 62.3 | 79.0 | 57.0 | 78.8 | 46.8 | 44.5 | 50.9 |
| Residential area, Oahu | 22,726 (69.8) | 59.3 | 92.0 | 71.3 | 78.9 | 65.8 | 62.2 | 80.3 |
| Having insurance | 41,826 (91.6) | 92.3 | 93.4 | 90.8 | 95.5 | 87.1 | 88.1 | 89.3 |
| Couldn’t see doctor because of medical cost | 3874 (8.6) | 8.2 | 4.9 | 11.2 | 2.9 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 10.3 |
| Need variable | ||||||||
| Exercise | 35,087 (79.2) | 84.8 | 78.1 | 72.1 | 77.8 | 76.2 | 82.9 | 80.7 |
| Heavy drinking | 3378 (7.6) | 10.1 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 6.6 |
| Smoking, current | 5760 (14.3) | 14.1 | 6.3 | 12.4 | 10.4 | 22.9 | 18.5 | 18.0 |
| H/O heart attack | 1888 (3.2) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 2.9 |
| H/O CHD | 1721 (3.0) | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 |
| H/O stroke | 1548 (2.8) | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 |
| H/O asthma | 7062 (16.2) | 13.7 | 14.8 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 24.7 | 22.1 | 16.6 |
| H/O cancer | 6026 (9.1) | 16.4 | 5.3 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 4.4 |
| H/O COPD | 2281 (4.1) | 5.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 3.2 |
| H/O arthritis | 11,441 (20.1) | 22.4 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 22.6 | 18.1 | 16.5 | 17.0 |
| H/O depression | 5795 (11.3) | 16.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 12.3 | 17.7 | 11.3 |
| H/O kidney disease | 1832 (3.5) | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| H/O diabetes | 4973 (9.8) | 5.7 | 9.2 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 9.3 | 8.3 |
| Obese/overweight | 24,340 (56.6) | 54.4 | 40.7 | 55.7 | 51.0 | 75.3 | 63.2 | 54.9 |
| HRQOL measure | ||||||||
| General health: fair/poor | 7103 (14.4) | 11.2 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 14.9 | 21.0 | 16.9 | 13.1 |
| Physical healtha | 4847 (9.4) | 10.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 9.0 |
| Mental healtha | 3889 (8.6) | 9.1 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 10.7 |
| Activity limitationa | 1708 (3.3) | 4.0 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.1 |
Race/ethnicity was significantly associated with all variables except kidney disease by Rao-Scott’s chi-square test at the significance level of 0.01
NHPI, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; H/O, history of; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HRQOL, health-related quality of life
a≥ 14 unhealthy days or more