Racial/ethnic differences in health-related quality of life among Hawaii adult population

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. 2020 Dec 9;18:380. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01625-4

Variable	White	Chinese	Filipino	Japanese	NHPI	Hispanic
Predisposing	Age^a,c,d; Education^a,c		Age^b	Age^a,b; Education ^a	Sex^b; Age^c,d; Marital status^b	Age ^a
Enabling	Employment^a,b,d; Income^a,d; Affordability of medical cost^a,b,c,d	Employment^b; Affordability of medical cost^c	Employment^d	Employment^b,d; Income^a; Affordability of medical cost^a,c; Residential area^b,d	Employment^d; Affordability of medical cost^c,d	Residential area^a
Need	Exercise^a,b,c,d; Smoking^c; Heart attack^a,c,d; Stroke^a,b,d; Cancer^a,b; COPD^a,b; Arthritis^a,b,d; Depression^a,b,c,d; Kidney disease^a; Diabetes^a; Obese/overweight^a	Exercise^a,b; Asthma^b; Cancer^a; COPD^a,b; Arthritis^a,b; Depression^a,c,d; Kidney disease^a,b; Diabetes^a	Smoking^a; Stroke^b; CHD^a; Cancer^a; Arthritis^a,b,d; Depression^a,b,c,d; Kidney disease^a,b; Diabetes^a	Exercise^a,b,d; Heavy drinking^c; CHD^a,d; Cancer^a,b; COPD^a,b; Arthritis^a,b,c,d; Depression^a,b,c,d; Kidney disease^a; Diabetes^a,b; Obese/overweight^a	Exercise^a,b,d; Smoking^a; COPD^a,b,c; Arthritis^a,b,c; Depression^a,b,c,d; Kidney disease^a; Diabetes^a; Obese/overweight^a	Exercise^a; Heart attack^d; Asthma^c; Depression^b,c,d; Diabetes^a

Variable

White

Chinese

Filipino

Japanese

NHPI

Hispanic

Predisposing

Age^a,c,d;

Education^a,c

Age^b

Age^a,b;

Education ^a

Sex^b;

Age^c,d;

Marital status^b

Age ^a

Enabling

Employment^a,b,d;

Income^a,d;

Affordability of medical cost^a,b,c,d

Employment^b;

Affordability of medical cost^c

Employment^d

Employment^b,d;

Income^a;

Affordability of medical cost^a,c;

Residential area^b,d

Employment^d;

Affordability of medical cost^c,d

Residential area^a

Need

Exercise^a,b,c,d;

Smoking^c;

Heart attack^a,c,d;

Stroke^a,b,d;

Cancer^a,b;

COPD^a,b;

Arthritis^a,b,d;

Depression^a,b,c,d;

Kidney disease^a;

Diabetes^a;

Obese/overweight^a

Exercise^a,b;

Asthma^b;

Cancer^a;

COPD^a,b;

Arthritis^a,b;

Depression^a,c,d;

Kidney disease^a,b;

Diabetes^a

Smoking^a;

Stroke^b;

CHD^a;

Cancer^a;

Arthritis^a,b,d;

Depression^a,b,c,d;

Kidney disease^a,b;

Diabetes^a

Exercise^a,b,d;

Heavy drinking^c;

CHD^a,d;

Cancer^a,b;

COPD^a,b;

Arthritis^a,b,c,d;

Depression^a,b,c,d;

Kidney disease^a;

Diabetes^a,b;

Obese/overweight^a

Exercise^a,b,d;

Smoking^a;

COPD^a,b,c;

Arthritis^a,b,c;

Depression^a,b,c,d;

Kidney disease^a;

Diabetes^a;

Obese/overweight^a

Exercise^a;

Heart attack^d;

Asthma^c;

Depression^b,c,d;

Diabetes^a

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed by four measures: general health, physical health, mental health, and activity limitation. General health was dichotomized as fair/poor (1) vs. excellent/very good/good (0). Physical health, mental health, and activity limitation was dichotomized as ≥ 14 unhealthy days (1) vs. < 14 unhealthy days (0).

NHPI, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A multivariable logistic regression with quasi-binomial distribution was conducted for each of HRQOL measures, accounting for the complex sampling design at a significance level of 0.01: ^aSignificant factor for general health. ^bSignificant factor for physical health. ^cSignificant factor for mental health. ^dSignificant factor for activity limitation.

The variables in a column are the ones significantly associated with at least one of four HRQOL measures for the corresponding racial/ethnic group. A variable in underline indicates that it was significantly associated with all four HRQOL measures; A variable in italic indicates that it was significantly associated with three of the HRQOL measures.