Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of DN patients and healthy controls

Parameters	Normal group (n = 34)	DN group (n = 34)
Gender (male/female)	18/16	20/14
Age (years)	53.5 ± 4.3	56.2 ± 5.2
Duration of diabetes (years)		8.3 ± 2.1
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	4.5 ± 0.8	7.9 ± 2.1
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	4.2 ± 0.9	8.8 ± 3.7
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.61 ± 0.6	2.37 ± 1.2
BMI	23.2 ± 0.7	30.6 ± 1.4
Creatinine (µmol/L)	81.6 ± 2.8	88.5 ± 6.0