Figure 3.

De-escalation management after controlling intracranial hypertension in TBI patients with or without inv-ICP monitoring. De-escalation management for controlling intracranial hypertension basing on available current evidences [Modified from Stocchetti et al. (3), Hawryluk et al. (9) and Carney et al. (4)]. inv-ICP, invasive intracranial pressure; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; Hb, hemoglobin; PaCO₂, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; CT, computed tomography; HICP, intracranial hypertension; EVD, external ventricular drainage; NWT, neurological wake-up test.