TABLE 1.
Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle (PA), fascicle length (FL) and maximal dynamic strength (1-RM) at baseline (Pre) and after training (Post) for resistance training (RT) to muscle failure (RT-F) and non-failure (RT-NF).
| Variable | Protocol | Pre | Post | ES | Δ% (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSA (cm2) | RT-F | 32.9 ± 5.3 | 37.2 ± 5.6 | 0.7 | 13.5% (7.0 to 20.0) |
| RT-NF | 32.0 ± 5.9 | 37.5 ± 6.6 | 0.8 | 18.1% (9.4 to 26.8) | |
| PA (°) | RT-F | 22.6 ± 3.8 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 0.7 | 13.7% (8.1 to 19.4) |
| RT-NF | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 28.5 ± 3.4 | 1.4 | 14.4% (7.0 to 21.8) | |
| FL (cm) | RT-F | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 | 11.8% (5.0 to 18.6) |
| RT-NF | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 1.0 | 8.6% (2.2 to 15.1) | |
| 1-RM (kg) LP | RT-F | 237.5 ± 31.7 | 290.0 ± 40.2 | 1.4 | 22.2% (17.8 to 26.6) |
| RT-NF | 237.5 ± 33.0 | 299.9 ± 41.5 | 1.6 | 26.6% (20.8 to 32.5) | |
| 1-RM (kg) LE | RT-F | 55.6 ± 8.6 | 73.3 ± 9.8 | 1.8 | 33.3% (22.6 to 44.0) |
| RT-NF | 56.4 ± 9.6 | 73.9 ± 8.4 | 1.9 | 33.7% (20.5 to 46.9) |
*Significantly different from Pre (main time effect, P< 0.05). Values presented as mean ± SD, mean percentage changes (Δ%), confidence interval (95% CI), effect size (ES), leg press (LP) and leg extension (LP).