Fig 3. Kaplan–Meier survival curves of honey bees on tank-mix ratio pesticide treatments.

Honey bees were fed with low [0.9 ppm propiconazole (blue solid line), 0.4 ppm chlorantraniliprole (red solid line), and 0.9 ppm propiconazole + 0.4ppm chlorantraniliprole (purple solid line)] or high [90 ppm propiconazole + 40 ppm chlorantraniliprole(purple dashed line)] concentrations of tank-mixed pesticides. Bees consuming combinations of pesticides experienced reduced longevity relative to bees consuming unamended control diet and relative to bees consuming chlorantraniliprole or propiconazole alone (F: fungicide propiconazole, I: insecticide chlorantraniliprole; n = 900 in 0.9+0.4 ppm and 500 in 90+40ppm subgroup, *** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, Tarone-Ware test between the treatment and control).