| Theme 1: Challenges with healthcare financing for migrant workers |
| Weak implementation of health insurance policies |
| • SPIKPA: Lack of awareness and no insurance card |
| Institutional discrimination of migrant workers |
| • Increased non-citizen fees at public healthcare facilities discourages care-seeking |
| • Differential charges for non-citizens perceived to be unfair |
| • Subsidy for foreign workers removed because of the scarce national budget on health |
| Misalignment between services provided and migrant health needs |
| • SPIKPA: Inadequate benefits package and coverage of insurance, especially after the increase in non-citizen fees |
| • SPIKPA insurance coverage excludes certain workers and does not cover outpatient treatment |
| Mistrust in government initiatives by migrant workers and employers |
| • SPIKPA: Employer uptake unclear |
| Is the SPIKPA coverage adequate? |
| Theme 2: Challenges with the evolving social security scheme for migrant workers |
| Weak implementation of social protection policies |
| • FWCS: Claiming compensation is a complex process |
| • FWCS: Employers deduct medical expenses from compensation |
| Institutional discrimination of migrant workers |
| • FWCS: Equality of treatment of workers |
| Misalignment between services provided and migrant health needs |
| • FWCS: Inadequate compensation |
| Mistrust in government initiatives by migrant workers and employers |
| • FWCS: Employers reluctant to report workplace accidents which affect insurance claims |
| Potential challenges implementing SOCSO with migrant workers |
| • SOCSO: ‘Too early to tell’ |
| • SOCSO: No-fault compensation may lead to excess claims |
| • SOCSO: Uncertainty over the portability of benefits overseas |
