Table 1.
Characteristics of the Participants
| Total n = 105 | Blacks n = 57 | Whites n = 48 | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex n (%) | ||||
| Male | 43 (41) | 25 (43.9) | 18 (37.5) | 0.55 |
| Female | 62 (59) | 32 (56.1) | 30 (62.5) | |
| Age | 45.8 ± 14.03 | 45.6 ± 13.1 | 46.1 ± 15.5 | 0.84 |
| Education n (%) | ||||
| Partial high school | 7 (6.70) | 4 (7.02) | 3 (6.25) | 0.64 |
| High school graduate | 22 (21) | 14 (24.6) | 8 (16.7) | |
| Partial College | 31 (29.5) | 18 (31.6) | 13 (27.1) | |
| College graduate | 26 (24.8) | 11 (19.3) | 15 (31.3) | |
| Graduate/Professional training | 19 (18.1) | 10 (17.5) | 9 (18.7) | |
| Work Status n (%) | ||||
| Employed | 61 (58.7) | 34 (59.6) | 27 (57.4) | 0.12 |
| Unemployed looking | 8 (7.70) | 5 (8.77) | 3 (6.4) | |
| Retired, homemaker, not looking | 16 (15.4) | 5 (8.77) | 11 (23.4) | |
| Student | 1 (0.95) | 0 | 1 (2.08) | |
| Disabled | 18 (17.3) | 13 (22.8) | 5 (10.6) | |
| Perceived Social status | 5.17 ± 2.04 | 5.0 ± 1.94 | 5.38 ± 2.15 | 0.35 |
| Household Income n (%) | ||||
| $ 0 to 24,999 | 40 (39.6) | 24 (44.4) | 16 (34) | 0.08 |
| $ 25,000 to 49,999 | 19 (18.8) | 12 (22.2) | 7 (14.9) | |
| $ 50,000 to 74,999 | 18 (17.8) | 11 (20.4) | 7 (14.9) | |
| $ 75,555 to 99,999 | 10 (9.9) | 4 (7.4) | 6 (12.8) | |
| $ 100,000 and greater | 14 (13.9) | 3 (5.6) | 11 (23.4) | |
| Medication Status | ||||
| No | 30 (28.8) | 20 (35.7) | 10 (20.8) | 0.09 |
| Yes | 74 (71.2) | 36 (64.3) | 38 (79.2) | |
| CES-D | 17.96 ± 11.48 | 17.73 ± 10 | 18.23 ± 13.12 | 0.73 |
| Pain Interference | 3.59 ± 2.49 | 4.12 ± 2.65 | 2.95 ± 2.13 | 0.02 |
| Pain Severity | 4.87 ± 2.28 | 5.57 ± 2.27 | 3.99 ± 1.99 | <0.001 |
Notes: Values expressed as mean ± SD or n (%). CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; BPI-I = Brief pain inventory-pain interference; BPI-S = Brief pain inventory- pain severity;
a
p-value pertains to tests for the difference between Blacks and White groups