Gja1 deficiency in the tendon and enthesis altered treadmill exercise-induced hedgehog signaling at the Achilles tendon enthesis. (A-D), Relative abundances of genes involved in hedgehog signaling in the Achilles tendon and enthesis of WT and cKO mice with treadmill exercise (EX) or cage activity (CA). ^, p < 0.05 for the interaction between mouse activity and strain by 2-way ANOVA; #, p < 0.1 for the factor activity by 2-way ANOVA; —, p < 0.05 by Fisher’s LSD tests between the indicated groups. (E, F) Representative fluorescence images (E) and quantification (F) of Gli1 (indicated with yellow arrows) and DAPI nuclear staining on Achilles tendon entheses from mice with treadmill exercise (EX) or cage activity (CA). Scale bar, 20 μm. # and ^, 2-way ANOVA, p < 0.05 for the factor activity and the interaction between activity and strain, respectively; —, p < 0.05 between indicated groups by Fisher’s LSD tests.