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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicology. 2019 Dec 19;77:40–50. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.12.012

Figure 4. Inflammatory markers in the ventral hippocampus in two models of Gulf War Illness.

Figure 4.

Data were analyzed by the ΔΔCt method with 18S as the HKG and are presented as fold change from vehicle-vehicle control. *, **, *** indicate significant difference from control (p ≤ 0.05, ≤ 0.01, and ≤ 0.001, respectively). n=6/group for Model 1 and n=5–7/group for Model 2. Abbreviations: PB: pyridostigmine bromide; PM: permethrin; DEET: N,N-Diethyl-methylbenzamide; DFP: diisopropylfluorophosphate; CORT: corticosterone; LNFPIII: lacto-N-fucopentaose III.