Table 2.
Brain monoamines and their metabolites in male C57BL6/J mice 6 h post chemicals exposure in Model 2 of Gulf War Illness.
| Brain Region | Monoamine or Metabolite | Treatment |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vehicle –Vehicle | Vehicle –LNFPIII | PB/DEET/CORT/DFP –Vehicle | PB/DEET/CORT/DFP-LNFPIII | ||||
| PFC | 5-HT | 1.55 ± 0.38 | 4.91 ± 3.80 | 4.46 ± 3.10 | 1.47 ± 0.33 | ||
| 5-HIAA | 2.64 ± 0.32 | 3.50 ± 0.62 | 2.52 ± 0.45 | 3.87 ± 0.95 | |||
| DA | 0.56 ± 0.22 | 0.45 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 0.58 ± 0.19 | |||
| HVA | 0.46 ± 0.12 | 1.35 ± 0.60 | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 1.50 ± 0.60 | |||
| STR | 5-HT | 2.47 ± 0.50 | 2.63 ± 0.48 | 1.64 ± 0.34 | 2.64 ± 0.59 | ||
| 5-HIAA | 2.64 ± 0.35 | 2.00 ± 0.58 | 2.81 ± 0..44 | 2.17 ± 0.75 | |||
| DA | 112.54 ± 8.75 | 105.11 ± 13.92 | 122.32 ± 6.93 | 102.28 ± 6.08 | |||
| HVA | 10.82 ± 1.40 | 9.26 ± 0.89 | 10.16 ± 1.16 | 11.73 ± 0.70 | |||
| AMY | 5-HT | 3.84 ± 0.87 | 4.59 ± 0.71 | 4.72 ± 1.06 | 4.39 ± 1.46 | ||
| 5-HIAA | 2.72 ± 0.64 | 2.86 ± 0.26 | 9.14 ± 3.57 | 3.42 ± 0.46 | |||
| DA | 12.87 ± 1.53 | 13.47 ± 3.54 | 13.63 ± 2.59 | 25.25 ± 6.76 | |||
| HVA | 4.10 ± 1.19 | 4.40 ± 2.06 | 3.27 ± 1.09 | 7.92 ± 2.35 | |||
| dHip | 5-HT | 1.17 ± 0.39 | 0.97 ± 0.19 | 0.74 ± 0.23 | 1.02 ± 0.32 | ||
| 5-HIAA | 3.41 ± 1.04 | 2.73 ± 0.49 | 5.66 ± 1.30 | 3.91 ± 1.04 | |||
| DA | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.27 ± 0.06 | 2.36 ± 1.84 a | 0.84 ± 0.27 a | |||
| HVA | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.07 b | 0.78 ± 0.15 a | 1.45 ± 0.53ab | |||
Data are presented as mean ± SEM; unit: ng/mg protein; n=6 per group, except the PB/DEET/CORT/DFP-Vehicle group, which was n=8).
a and b indicate significant main effect for GWI treatment (PB/DEET/CORT/DFP) or LNFPIII treatment, respectively, after a two-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05) and are bolded.
Italicized values indicate trend (p < 0.10) for main effect. Abbreviations: PFC: prefrontal cortex; NAc: nucleus accumbens; STR: striatum; AMY: amygdala; dHip: dorsal hippocampus; vHip: ventral hippocampus; 5-HT: serotonin; 5-HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; DA: dopamine; HVA: homovanillic acid; PB: pyridostigmine bromide; DEET: N,N-Diethyl-methylbenzamide; DFP: diisopropylfluorophosphate; CORT: corticosterone; LNFPIII: lacto-N-fucopentaose III.