TABLE 2. Characteristics associated with past-year methamphetamine use among adults aged ≥18 years — United States, 2015–2018.

Characteristic	Adjusted odds ratios* (95% CI)
Sex
Women	Reference
Men	1.68 (1.43–1.96)
Age group (yrs)
18–25	Reference
26–34	1.67 (1.36–2.05)
35–49	2.49 (2.01–3.07)
≥50	1.72 (1.31–2.25)
Race/Ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	Reference
Black, non-Hispanic	0.29 (0.20–0.42)
Other, non-Hispanic	1.07 (0.78–1.47)
Hispanic	1.08 (0.85–1.37)
Education level
Less than high school	3.28 (2.13–5.06)
High school graduate	2.65 (1.78–3.93)
Some college or associate’s degree	2.04 (1.38–3.02)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	Reference
Annual household income
<$20,000	2.09 (1.59–2.74)
$20,000–49,999	1.42 (1.11–1.82)
$50,000–74,999	1.06 (0.77–1.46)
≥$75,000	Reference
Insurance status
Private or other insurance (including Medicare)	Reference
Medicaid only	2.01 (1.55–2.61)
Uninsured	1.70 (1.31–2.22)
County type of residence†
Large metro	Reference
Small metro	1.32 (1.01–1.72)
Nonmetro	1.54 (1.25–1.90)
Substance use§
Past-month binge drinking	1.06 (0.86–1.30)
Past-month nicotine dependence	2.14 (1.75–2.62)
Past-year cannabis use	4.61 (3.67–5.80)
Past-year cocaine use	2.72 (2.12–3.50)
Past-year heroin use	5.10 (3.63–7.17)
Past-year prescription opioid misuse	2.17 (1.66–2.84)
Past-year prescription sedative/tranquilizer misuse	1.85 (1.45–2.35)
Past-year prescription stimulant misuse	1.91 (1.43–2.55)
Mental health
No past-year mental illness	Reference
Past-year mental illness but not serious mental illness¶	2.18 (1.82–2.60)
Past-year serious mental illness**	3.34 (2.53–4.40)

Source: National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2015–2018, using 2010 U.S. Censusꟷbased population estimates.

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.

* Odds ratios are adjusted for all other variables in the model.

^† The Rural-Urban Continuum Codes are hierarchical, mutually exclusive classifications for all U.S. counties created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. All population counts are from the 2010 Census representing the resident population. Large metro = counties in metro areas with a population ≥1 million persons. Small metro = counties in metros areas with populations between 250,000–1,000,000; counties in metro areas with populations <250,000. Nonmetro = counties with urban populations ≥20,000 adjacent to a metro area; urban populations ≥20,000 not adjacent to a metro area; urban populations 2,500–19,999 adjacent to a metro area; urban populations 2,500–19,999 not adjacent to a metro area; rural or <2,500 urban populations adjacent to a metro area; and rural or <2,500 urban population not adjacent to a metro area. https://seer.cancer.gov/seerstat/variables/countyattribs/ruralurban.html.

^§ Reference group is no use (misuse) within the past month (past year).

^¶ Any mental illness is defined as currently or at any time within the past year having had a diagnosable mental disorder (excluding developmental disorders and substance use disorder of sufficient duration to meet DSM-IV diagnostic criteria). https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2017-methodological-summary-and-definitions. For this analysis where the variable was defined as past-year mental illness, not serious mental illness, persons meeting criteria for serious mental illness were not included.

** Serious mental illness is defined as currently or at any time within the past year having had a mental disorder (excluding developmental disorders and substance use disorder of sufficient duration to meet DSM-IV diagnostic criteria), which resulted in serious functional impairment substantially interfering with or limiting one or more major life activities. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2017-methodological-summary-and-definitions.