Table 6.
Mediating effects of high impact issues in the association between subjective social status and outcome variables (DASS, BMHI, Satisfaction with University)
| Outcome variable | Mediator variable | Simple mediation | Parallel mediation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | 95% CIs | β (SE) | 95% CIs | ||
| DASS | Lack of money | − 0.084 (0.018) | − 0.121, -0.050 | − 0.063 (0.017) | − 0.099, − 0.032 |
| (Controlling for satisfaction with university) | Time management | − 0.027 (0.013) | − 0.055, -0.003 | − 0.019 (0.011) | − 0.043, − 0.002 |
| Coursework assessment items | − 0.010 (0.007) | − 0.027, 0.000 | 0.008 (0.008) | − 0.004, 0.028 | |
| Lack of sleep | − 0.029 (0.017) | − 0.065, 0.003 | − 0.021 (0.013) | − 0.049, 0.002 | |
| Course marks | − 0.012 (0.008) | − 0.031, 0.000 | 0.007 (0.008) | − 0.008, 0.026 | |
| BMHI | Lack of money | − 0.062 (0.017) | − 0.098, -0.033 | − 0.038 (0.016) | − 0.070, − 0.010 |
| (Controlling for satisfaction with university) | Time management | − 0.023 (0.012) | − 0.048, -0.003 | − 0.012 (0.008) | − 0.031, 0.001 |
| Coursework assessment items | − 0.015 (0.009) | − 0.036, -0.001* | − 0.001 (0.007) | − 0.015, 0.013 | |
| Lack of sleep | − 0.025 (0.015) | − 0.057, 0.002 | − 0.018 (0.011) | − 0.044, 0.002 | |
| Course marks | − 0.016 (0.009) | − 0.037, -0.002 | 0.003 (0.009) | − 0.015, 0.023 | |
| Satisfaction with University | Lack of money | − 0.007 (0.013) | − 0.033, 0.018 | − 0.017 (0.013) | − 0.043, 0.009 |
| (Controlling for DASS & BMHI) | Time management | 0.011 (0.008) | − 0.001, 0.030 | 0.005 (0.007) | − 0.005, 0.022 |
| Coursework assessment items | 0.022 (0.012) | 0.001, 0.049 | 0.025 (0.014) | 0.001, 0.057 | |
| Lack of sleep | − 0.002 (0.004) | − 0.011, 0.004 | − 0.005 (0.006) | − 0.021, 0.005 | |
| Course marks | − 0.013 (0.008) | 0.001, 0.031 | − 0.002 (0.008) | − 0.020, 0.014 | |
Satisfaction with university was included as a covariate when testing mediators in relation to DASS and BMHI, and DASS and BMHI were included as covariates when testing mediators in relation to satisfaction with university. Mental health models have df1 = 2, df2 = 399. Satisfaction with university models have df1 = 3, df2 = 398. Indirect effects are computed using 5000 bootstrapping iterations. β = the completely standardized indirect effect (i.e., the mediation effect). SE = the completely standardized bootstrapped standard error for the indirect effect. 95% CIs = lower and upper 95% bias-corrected bootstrapped completely standardized confidence intervals. If CIs are either both positive or both negative, then the indirect effect is significant at p ≤ .05. Values in bold text represent significant effects. The parallel mediation columns indicate the mediation effects when all five mediators are entered as parallel mediators in the same model for the outcome variable in question
DASS Depression, anxiety, stress scale, BMHI Brief mental health inventory
*Reduced to nonsignificance when controlling for PARH scores