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. 2020 May 13;27(12):960–975. doi: 10.1038/s41417-020-0178-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — RT-PCR analysis was performed on 8 weeks on AAV-CN, AAV-sgMstn2, RAAV-sgMstn2-treated muscles in order to determine kinds of cytokines mRNA levels relative to GAPDH levels. Normalized data were used for generating the a Smad2, b p21, c CDK2, d AKT, e mTOR and f FoxO1 graphs depicted. Data represent means ± SEM (The number of samples was 3 per group, and each sample was repeated three times). *: 0.01 < P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 when AAV-sgMstn2, RAAV-sgMstn2-treated were compared with AAV-CN-treated. g A schematic were marked key cytokines of MSTN-related signaling pathway.