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. 2020 Nov 26;7:572142. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572142

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Relative mRNA abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α1 in the jejunum of broiler chickens on day (d) 8 and 14. Birds reared under a naturally occurring necrotic enteritis challenge model. Treatments include: NC (negative control): corn-soybean meal basal diet; PC (positive control): NC + 20 g virginiamycin (453 g Stafac®20)/ton diet; PROB (Probiotic): NC + B. licheniformis spores at the level of 227 g/ton diet; PPEO (probiotic/prebiotic/essential oil supplement): NC + 453 g/ton of a supplement containing B. licheniformis spores, mannan-oligosaccharides, β-glucans (1,3 and 1,6), capsaicin, and curcuma. Values are represented as a n-fold difference relative to the calibrator (NC). Results are given as means (n = 8) for each treatment. Error bars indicate standard errors. For each gene and sampling day, columns with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05).