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. 2020 Dec 9;10:21536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78401-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Detection of antibiotic resistance. (A) FLAT was used on isolates expressing the gene mcr-1 from a plasmid leading to colistin resistance via phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) addition to lipid A (observed as Δm/z 123, shown in red). In resistant spectra, the intensity of the unmodified lipid A base peak is less than that of the modified ion, increasing the relative intensity of other ions in the spectra, especially ions between 1300 and 1400 m/z in E. coli and K. pneumonia. This effect is not clear in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, because in each case the intensity of the most prominent unmodified lipid A ion is similar to the intensity of the modified ion. (B) Intrinsically colistin-resistant bacteria Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens were analyzed via FLAT for resistance-associated peaks. Lipid A modification with l-amino-4-arabinose (Ara4N) was observed (as Δm/z 131) in M. morganii spectra. Lipid A modification with Ara4N was observed (as Δm/z 131) in both species.