Table 2:
Baseline characteristics of CRIC participants according to hypertensive phenotype.
| Hypertensive Phenotype | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | non-TRH/RfH (n = 2006) |
TRH (n = 1005) |
RfH (n = 136) |
non-TRH/RfH. vs. TRH | TRH vs. RfH |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 57.9 (11.0) | 61.0 (9.2) | 60.9 (8.9) | <0.01 | 0.90 |
| Women, n (%) | 891 (44) | 438 (44) | 56 (41) | 0.69 | 0.66 |
| Race, n (%) | <0.01 | 0.04 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 898 (45) | 296 (29) | 28 (21) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 788 (39) | 531 (53) | 89 (65) | ||
| Hispanic | 251 (13) | 136 (14) | 16 (12) | ||
| Other | 69 (3) | 42 (4) | 3 (2) | ||
| Education, n (%) | <0.01 | 0.67 | |||
| Less than high school | 392 (20) | 264 (26) | 38 (28) | ||
| High school graduate | 374 (19) | 212 (21) | 31 (23) | ||
| Some college | 585 (29) | 313 (31) | 44 (32) | ||
| College graduate and Above | 655 (33) | 216 (21) | 23 (17) | ||
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 72.4 (12.4) | 70.6 (13.6) | 78.8 (16.3) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 126.6 (19.7) | 135.4 (23.3) | 158.7 (14.8) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2, median (IQR) | 44.7 (34.0–55.4) | 36.9 (28.4–47.4) | 34.9 (26.8–49.2) | <0.01 | 0.27 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.6) | 2.0 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.7) | <0.01 | 0.12 |
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 6.6 (1.5) | 7.0 (1.6) | 7.1 (1.7) | <0.01 | 0.39 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.3 (0.6) | 4.2 (0.6) | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| 24-hour urine protein, g, median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–1.3) | 0.9 (0.2–2.6) | <0.01 | 0.07 |
| HDL, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 48.2 (15.7) | 45.3 (13.9) | 46.3 (14.6) | <0.01 | 0.41 |
| LDL, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 103.9 (35.4) | 97.3 (34.2) | 102.9 (41.3) | <0.01 | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD) | 185.5 (46.5) | 177.7 (44.2) | 183.0 (50.0) | <0.01 | 0.19 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 31.6 (7.4) | 34.1 (8.0) | 34.0 (8.0) | <0.01 | 0.87 |
| Urine albuminin/creatinine ratio, ug/mg, mean (SD) | 597.2 (1605.9) | 836.9 (1785.1) | 1090.5 (1461.9) | <0.01 | 0.12 |
| Serum aldosterone, ng/dL, mean (SD) | 13.8 (17.6) | 15.6 (24.3) | 23.9 (126.1) | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 889 (44) | 651 (65) | 94 (69) | <0.01 | 0.37 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 526 (26) | 490 (49) | 88 (65) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 102 (5) | 170 (17) | 34 (25) | <0.01 | 0.03 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 284 (14) | 115 (11) | 13 (10) | 0.04 | 0.61 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 163 (8) | 145 (14) | 29 (21) | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 282 (14) | 223 (22) | 38 (28) | <0.01 | 0.16 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 246 (12) | 135 (14) | 20 (15) | 0.3 | 0.93 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 54 (3) | 39 (4) | 7 (5) | 0.05 | 0.59 |
| General medication use, n (%) | |||||
| Aspirin | 812 (40) | 550 (55) | 72 (53) | <0.01 | 0.76 |
| NSAIDs | 999 (50) | 600 (60) | 81 (60) | <0.01 | 1.00 |
| SSRIs | 196 (10) | 98 (10) | 11 (8) | 1.00 | 0.64 |
| Statins | 1089 (54) | 688 (68) | 93 (68) | <0.01 | 1.00 |
| Number of antihypertensive classes prescribed, median (range) | 2 (0, 6) | 4 (3, 8) | 5 (5, 7) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | |||||
| Nitrates | 36 (2) | 113 (11) | 29 (21) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Vasodilators | 73 (4) | 202 (20) | 69 (51) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 44 (2) | 78 (8) | 12 (9) | <0.01 | 0.79 |
| ENaC inhibitors | 82 (4) | 81 (8) | 10 (7) | <0.01 | 0.91 |
| RAS blockers | 1417 (71) | 823 (82) | 120 (88) | <0.01 | 0.09 |
| Sympatholytics | 231 (12) | 392 (39) | 105 (77) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Diuretics | 861 (43) | 1005 (100) | 136 (100) | -* | -* |
| Beta blockers | 782 (39) | 796 (79) | 129 (95) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calcium channel antagonists | 685 (34) | 652 (65) | 115 (85) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
*
Diuretics are required in the definition for both TRH and RfH