Table 4.
Crude and adjusted associations (β estimates and 95% confidence intervals) between maternal fish intake during pregnancy and child MSEL scores (EARLI participants only)a
| n | Crude (β, 95% CI) | Adjusted (β, 95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analyses by frequency of fish intake | |||
| Early pregnancy intake | |||
| No intake | 41 | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Low intake | 63 | 4.27 (−3.93, 12.48) | 3.19 (−4.43, 10.80) |
| High intake | 37 | 9.62 (0.35, 18.89) | 8.03 (−0.71, 16.76) |
| Late pregnancy intake | |||
| No intake | 23 | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Low intake | 37 | 0.99 (−9.91, 11.89) | 5.54 (−5.79, 16.88) |
| High intake | 21 | 7.14 (−5.25, 19.52) | 9.02 (−3.62, 21.66) |
| Total pregnancy intake | |||
| Low intake | 103 | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Inconsistent intake | 16 | 2.52 (−8.62, 13.69) | −1.00 (−11.52, 9.53) |
| High intake | 27 | 7.14 (−1.84, 16.12) | 6.55 (−1.94, 15.04) |
| Consistency of intake across pregnancy | |||
| Low intake | 103 | (Referent) | (Referent) |
| Inconsistent: low then high | 5 | −5.17 (−24.19, 13.85) | −14.26 (−32.01, 3.50) |
| Inconsistent: high then low | 11 | 6.03 (−7.15, 19.20) | 4.77 (−7.39, 16.94) |
| High intake | 27 | 7.14 (−1.84, 16.12) | 6.36 (−2.06, 14.78) |
| Analyses by type of fishc | |||
| Early pregnancy intake | |||
| Salmon | 37 | 8.46 (0.72, 16.19) | 3.24 (−4.42, 10.91) |
| Fatty fish | 68 | 3.64 (−3.30, 10.58) | 2.07 (−4.46, 8.61) |
| Shellfish | 78 | 0.17 (−6.83, 7.17) | −1.68 (−8.25, 4.90) |
| Fried fish | 41 | 6.52 (−1.11, 14.14) | 6.85 (−0.38, 14.09) |
| Late pregnancy intake | |||
| Salmon | 28 | −0.55 (−10.32, 9.23) | −2.50 (−12.63, 7.62) |
| Fatty fish | 35 | −6.36 (−15.63, 2.34) | −5.60 (−15.04, 3.85) |
| Shellfish | 45 | 1.68 (−7.64, 11.00) | 0.73 (−8.50, 9.96) |
| Fried fish | 27 | 3.99 (−5.84, 13.82) | 3.73 (−6.12, 13.57) |
| Total pregnancy intake | |||
| Salmon | 47 | 3.92 (−4.41, 11.24) | −0.47 (−7.66, 6.71) |
| Fatty fish | 76 | 0.79 (−6.12, 7.70) | −0.50 (−7.07, 6.07) |
| Shellfish | 87 | −1.89 (−8.92, 5.14) | −2.88 (−9.48, 3.72) |
| Fried fish | 51 | 3.65 (−3.65, 10.95) | 3.41 (−3.53, 10.36) |
a
Analyses of MSEL scores include EARLI participants only, n = 146
b
Adjusted for maternal age, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, child sex, maternal education level, maternal race/ethnicity, parity, income, prenatal vitamin use
c
For fish type analyses, reference category for each estimate is individuals reporting no intake of that type of fish (any intake during the survey period compared to no intake)