TABLE 1.

Efficacy evaluation of MXSG or its extended formula for influenza virus infection.

Drug	Therapeutic effects	Methodology	References
MXSG	Alleviated lung inflammatory, reduced lung weight index	Animal studies: MXSG treatment in type A influenza virus infection in BALB/c mice	Zhang et al. (2013)
	Alleviated colon tissue pathological injury induced by influenza virus lung infection	Animal studies: MXSG treatment in type A influenza virus infection in KM mice	Zou et al. (2018)
	Antiviral, improved lung inflammation and cytokines balance, protected the immune organ	Animal studies: MXSG treatment in type A influenza virus infection in WT mice	Li et al. (2017)
	Definite curative effect, no obvious adverse reaction	Clinical observation: 40 COVID-19 were treated with usual treatment combined with MXSG	Qu et al. (2020)
LHQW	Increased the symptom recovery rate and median time (fever, fatigue, and coughing), and improved the rate of chest CT manifestations and clinical cure	Prospective cohort study: 284 patients with COVID-19 were randomly divided into two groups (142 in each treatment group and control group), which received usual treatment alone or in combination with LHQW	Hu et al. (2020)
	Compared with oseltamivir, similar therapeutic effects were achieved, with shorter duration of disease and viral shedding, and reduced the severity of illness and the duration of symptoms	Randomized, double blind, positive controlled clinical trial: 244 patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus, were randomized to two treatment groups (112 cases in each group). Each group assigned to receive either LHQW or oseltamivir	Duan et al. (2011)
	Significantly improve the symptoms, no obvious adverse reaction	Retrospective study: 101 COVID-19 suspected case, 63 cases were received usual treatment and combination with LHQW, 38 cases were received usual treatment	Lv et al. (2020)
JHQG	Oseltamivir and JHQG, alone and in combination, reduced the duration of the fever	Prospective cohort study: 410 cases with confirmed H1N1, were randomly assigned receive oseltamivir/JHQG treatment alone or in combination (control 103 cases, oseltamivir 102 cases, JHQG 103 cases, and oseltamivir plus JHQG 2,013 cases)	Wang et al. (2011)
	The clinical symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, and expectoration were reduce compared with control group; psychological anxiety of patients was relieved	Clinical observation: 123 COVID-19 patients were randomly divided (1:2) into routine treatment alone or combined with JHQG	Duan et al. (2010)
	Routinely low dose JHQG was effective and safe in treating patients with influenza	Double blinded randomized control trial: 136 influenza patients were randomized by stratification into three groups, high-dose JHQG group (44 cases), low-dose JHQG group (45 cases), and placebo control group (47 cases)	Li et al. (2013a)
	Definite curative effect, improve the clinical symptoms, reduce the deterioration of the disease, also has the effect on the immunological index	Clinical observation: 102 mild cases and moderate cases with Covid-19, were randomized to receive usual treatment alone or in combination with JHQG. Retrospective study: 80 COVID-19 patients were received routine treatment in combination with JHQG	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (2020), Liu et al. (2020)
QFPD	Reduced the length of hospital stay, improved clinical symptoms, stopped the deterioration of the disease, reduced the death rate, and weakened the harm of the epidemic	Retrospective study: 60 COVID-19 patients were received usual treatment alone (30 cases) or in combination with QFPD (30 cases). Clinical observation: 1,263 cases with Covid-19, 57 severe cases with Covid-19, patients were received usual treatment in combination with QFPD	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (2020), Li et al. (2020b)
XFBD	In mild and normal patients, improved clinical symptoms, controlled the progression of the disease, alleviated inflammatory, and improved the lymphocyte count	Clinical observation: 1,120 cases with Covid-19 (XFBD group 70 cases, control 50 cases). 240 mild cases and moderate cases with Covid-19. 3,500 mild and moderate cases with Covid-19. Patients were randomized to receive usual treatment alone or in combination with XFBD	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (2020)
HSBD	The effectiveness and safety were determined, improved pulmonary inflammation and clinical symptoms, and shortened duration of viral shedding and hospital stay. No drug-related adverse reactions were found	Clinical observation: 175 severe cases with Covid-19. 2,124 moderate cases with Covid-19. 3,894 mild cases and moderate cases with Covid-19 (HSBD group 452 cases). Patients were randomly divided into single routine treatment or combined HSBD	National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (2020)