Memory and naïve mice treated with saline or αCD28Ab were sacrificed, and spleens were harvested 24 hours post-CLP. (A) Splenocytes were stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 5 hours, followed by intracellular staining with anti-Foxp3 and anti-IL-10. (A) Representative flow plots and (B) summary data show IL-10 production by Foxp3+ Treg cells before and after stimulation among four groups (n=5–9/group). (C) The frequency of IL-10 secreted by Foxp3− effector CD4+ T cells in splenocytes from naïve and memory mice (n=5–10/group). (D) The frequency of IL-10 released by CD8+ T cells in splenocytes from naïve and memory mice (n=5–10/group). (E-H) Splenocytes were stimulated with LPS (10ug/ml) for 5 hours and then stained intracellularly with anti-IL-10 to evaluate IL-10 released by other immune cells, including B cells (E), dendritic cells (F), neutrophils (G) and natural killer cells (H). Data represented mean ± SEM. Groups (n=5–10/groups) were compared using one-way ANOVA analysis and Turkey multiple comparison test. *, p<0.05, ***, p<0.001 and ****, p<0.0001.