Table 3.
Coefficients and standard deviations examining associations between age, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease in explaining longitudinal declines in orientation
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Male Sex | 0.450 | 0.028 | 0.403 | 0.027 |
| Age in years | −0.064 | 0.001 | −0.035 | 0.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | Reference | Reference | ||
| Black | −2.141 | 0.040 | −2.082 | 0.040 |
| Other | −1.213 | 0.096 | −1.141 | 0.094 |
| Hispanic | −2.085 | 0.049 | −2.016 | 0.048 |
| Stroke | −0.357 | 0.022 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | −0.384 | 0.005 | ||
| Constant | 14.326 | 0.028 | 13.936 | 0.027 |
| Random Effects | ES | SE | ES | SE |
| Slopes, SD | 0.114 | 0.001 | 0.096 | 0.001 |
| Intercepts, SD | 1.544 | 0.013 | 1.462 | 0.013 |
| Corr(S,I) | −0.124 | 0.014 | 0.066 | 0.018 |
Note: SE: standard error; ES: estimate size.
*
All non-zero associations shown were statistically significant at p<1E-06 level. In addition to covariates shown, all analyses additionally adjusted for practice effect observed between the first and following waves.