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. 2020 Dec 9;10:21584. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78128-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Acquisition phase Morris water maze performance in proton irradiated and control rats. (a) Overall effect on latency to the platform. (b) Learning curve for latency with all groups. (c) Overall effect on path efficiency. (d) Learning curve for path efficiency. e. Average distance from the former platform site on day-3 and day-7 probe trials. (f) Number of entries into the former platform site on day-3 and -7 probe trials. There was an interaction for entries with the 11 Gy rats having fewer entries than the controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with controls. N = 10/control, 11 Gy, and 17 Gy and n = 8 for the 14 Gy.