TABLE 1.
Characteristics of clusters representing temporal dietary patterns of US adults aged 20–65 y as drawn from the NHANES 2003–2006 (n = 1627)1
| Characteristic | Total (n) | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | P value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1627 | 214 (13.2) | 340 (20.9) | 283 (17.4) | 790 (48.5) | |
| Survey year | 0.66 | |||||
| 2003–2004 | 804 | 116 (54.2) | 170 (50.0) | 134 (47.3) | 384 (48.6) | |
| 2005–2006 | 823 | 98 (45.8) | 170 (50.0) | 149 (52.7) | 406 (51.4) | |
| Sex | <0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 839 | 134 (62.6) | 216 (63.5) | 210 (74.2) | 279 (35.3) | |
| Female | 788 | 80 (37.4) | 124 (36.5) | 73 (25.8) | 511 (64.7) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.35 | |||||
| Mexican American | 350 | 56 (26.2) | 84 (24.7) | 47 (16.6) | 163 (20.6) | |
| Other Hispanic | 46 | 4 (1.9) | 10 (2.9) | 3 (1.1) | 29 (3.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 826 | 112 (52.3) | 168 (49.4) | 157 (55.5) | 389 (49.2) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 331 | 33 (15.4) | 61 (17.9) | 66 (23.3) | 171 (21.6) | |
| Other | 74 | 9 (4.2) | 17 (5.0) | 10 (3.5) | 38 (4.8) | |
| Age group, y | 0.001 | |||||
| 20–34 | 458 | 72 (33.6) | 99 (29.1) | 101 (35.7) | 186 (23.5) | |
| 35–49 | 548 | 67 (31.3) | 130 (38.2) | 99 (35.0) | 252 (31.9) | |
| 50–65 | 621 | 75 (35.0) | 111 (32.6) | 83 (29.3) | 352 (44.6) | |
| PIR | 0.98 | |||||
| 0–0.99 | 219 | 28 (13.1) | 43 (12.6) | 40 (14.1) | 108 (13.7) | |
| 1.00–1.99 | 352 | 51 (23.8) | 76 (22.4) | 60 (21.2) | 165 (20.9) | |
| 2.00–2.99 | 221 | 27 (12.6) | 41 (12.1) | 36 (12.7) | 117 (14.8) | |
| 3.00–3.99 | 254 | 34 (15.9) | 59 (17.4) | 44 (15.5) | 117 (14.8) | |
| 4.00–4.99 | 152 | 21 (9.8) | 32 (9.4) | 23 (8.1) | 76 (9.6) | |
| ≥5.00 | 370 | 46 (21.5) | 80 (23.5) | 69 (1.6) | 175 (22.2) | |
| BMI3 | 0.03 | |||||
| Underweight | 20 | 3 (1.4) | 3 (0.9) | 4 (1.4) | 10 (1.3) | |
| Normal weight | 466 | 49 (22.9) | 94 (27.6) | 80 (28.3) | 243 (30.8) | |
| Overweight | 562 | 88 (41.1) | 112 (32.9) | 88 (31.1) | 274 (34.7) | |
| Obese | 579 | 74 (34.6) | 131 (38.5) | 111 (39.2) | 263 (33.2) |
1
n(%); total numbers do not always add up to sample size due to missing values.
2
Rao Scott F adjusted χ2P value is a goodness-of-fit, 1-sided test; statistical significance is indicated when P <0.05.
3
BMI categories were defined per the WHO (37).
PIR, poverty to income ratio.