Table 1.

Comparisons among models for explaining energy expenditure in wild Adélie penguins in behavioural modes.

Model parameters	AIC	△ AIC	AIC weight
VeDBAPorp and Dive and Surface + VeDBAPreen + VeDBALand	− 119.41	0.00	0.25
VeDBAPorp and Dive + VeDBASurface + VeDBAPreen + VeDBALand	− 117.65	1.76	0.10
VeDBAPorp and Surface + VeDBADive + VeDBAPreen + VeDBALand	− 117.50	1.91	0.10
VeDBAWater + VeDBALand	− 117.50	1.91	0.10
VeDBAPorp + VeDBAPreen + VeDBADive and Surface + VeDBALand	− 117.42	1.99	0.09
*TimeDive + TimePreen + TimePorp and Surface + TimeLand	− 114.32	5.09	0.02
*TimeLPreen + TimeLRest + TimePreen + TimePorp + TimeDive + TimeSurface + TimeWalk	− 108.68	10.73	0.00
*VeDBAall modes	− 97.18	22.23	0.00

We considered all potential time budget and dynamic body acceleration (DBA) models. We present all models with ΔAIC < 2 compared to the best model, as well as three null models: two different time budget models and the model only including average VeDBA across all behavioural modes. Null models are denoted with asterisks.