Table 4.
Summary of screening investigations (virology, autoimmune and ultrasound) in women with raised bile acid concentration during pregnancy.
| Number (%) of women tested | Number (%) of positive result | Number (%) by peak BA concentration (µmol/L) | Number (%) of known diagnosis | Number (%) of new diagnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virology | 11–39 | 40–99 | 100+ | ||||
| EBV serology | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 380 (71.6) | 1/380 (0.3) | 0/238 (0.0) | 1/99 (1.0) | 0/43 (0.0) | 0/1 (0.0) | 0/188 (0.0) |
| CMV serology | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 395 (74.4) | 0/395 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hepatitis C IgG | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 421 (79.3) | 3/421 (0.7) | 1/266 (0.4) | 1/109 (0.9) | 1/46 (2.2) | 3/3 (100) | 0/421 (0.0) |
| Hepatitis B sAg | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 496 (93.4) | 7/496 (1.4) | 4/327 (1.2) | 2/119 (1.7) | 1/50 (2.0) | 6/7 (85.7)1/7a (14.3) | 0/496 (0.0) |
| Hepatitis A IgM | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 387 (72.9) | 0/387 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Autoimmune | |||||||
| Smooth muscle Ab | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 404 (76.1) | 5/404 (1.2) | 2/259 (0.8) | 3/102 (2.9) | 0/43 (0.0) | 0/5 (0.0) | 0/406 (0.0) |
| Hep2 Antinuclear Ab | |||||||
| Site 1 (n = 317) | 227 (71.6) | 1/227 (0.4) | 1/133 (0.8) | 0/65 (0.0) | 0/29 (0.0) | 1/1b (100) | 0/227 (0.0) |
| Mitochondrial Ab | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 403 (75.9) | 5/403 (1.2) | 3/258 (1.1) | 0/102 (0.0) | 2/43 (4.7) | 1/5c (25.0) | 0/405 (0.0) |
| Liver/kidney microsomal Ab | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 406 (76.5) | 0/406 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Imaging | |||||||
| Liver ultrasound | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 326 (61.4) | 38/326 (11.7) | 24/199 (12.1) | 7/86 (8.1) | 7/41 (17.1) | – | 0/327 (0.0) |
| Gallbladder ultrasound | |||||||
| All women (n = 531) | 323 (60.8) | 85/323 (26.3) | 45/197 (22.8) | 26/86 (30.2) | 14/40 (35.0) | – | 0/324 (0.0) |
EBV: Epstein–Barr virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus; sAg: surface antigen; Ab: antibody.
aNot booked at GSTT, single attendance.
bKnown Ro and anti-PL-12 positive anti-synthetase syndrome positive interstitial lung disease prior to pregnancy.
cKnown rheumatoid arthritis prior to pregnancy.