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. 2020 Nov 26;8:588050. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588050

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Copyright © 2020 Wang, Liu, Liu, Li, Wan, Yang, Su, Cheng, Liu, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cocultured ESCs upregulated TGFβ pathway-related markers in premature senescent RPE cells. (A) Expression of TGFβ pathway-related markers in the PR, PRH, and PRHE groups, as assessed by RT-qPCR (n ≥ 3 biological repeats). (B) Results for TGFβ pathway-related markers in the PR, PRH, and PRHE groups as determined by western blotting. β-Actin was used as the internal reference. (C) The expression levels of TGFβ pathway-related markers in the PR, PRH, and PRHE groups as determined by immunofluorescent staining. Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ^∗P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01; ^∗∗∗P < 0.001.