Table 1.

Food and beverage items consumed per country.

	Food group	Food item: Kenya	Food items: Ghana
1	Fats and oils (oils, spreading fats and fats)	Margarine, butter, peanut butter, vegetable oil, corn oil, kimbo/kasuku/cowboy/chipsy (vegetable fats)	Palm oil, margarine, coconut oil
2	Sugar and sweet spreads	Jam, sugar, sugarcane, honey, sukari nguru (molasses)	Sugar, other sugar and sweet spreads
3	Red meat, poultry, offals & giblets	Beef, pork, minced meat, liver, goat, matumbo (fried cow/goat intestines), fried chicken	Pork, fried chicken, boiled chicken, grilled chicken, turkey, goat, beef, grilled beef, fried beef, wele (cow hide or/feet), liver and giblets, offal, guinea fowl, duck
4	Fish and shellfish	Fish non-fried/fish fried. NB. fish consumption was very low in Kenya so different types were not identified	Fish non-fried (barracuda, tuna, tilapia, salmon, cassava fish, mudfish, sardine, kpanla/adziador (Marine-sourced fish, usually smoked), fish fried (tilapia fried, tuna fried, kyenam (fried fish), seafood/shellfish (snail, clams,/adodi, crab, oysters, octopus), dried fish (anchovies), canned fish, smoked fish, kako (salted fish)
5	Eggs	Scrambled egg, poached egg, fried egg, boiled egg, omelette	Scrambled egg, fried egg, boiled egg
6	Processed meat	Smokies (precooked smoked sausage), mutura (African sausage)	Fried sausage, corned beef
7	Dairy products	Milk, sweetened condensed milk, unsweetened condensed milk, soya milk, coconut milk or cream fermented milk (maziwa mala (fermented milk), mursik (fermented milk flavoured with charcoal)	Sweetened condensed milk, powdered milk, evaporated milk, milk, flavoured yoghurt, burkina drink (ground millet/maize and pasteurized milk)
8	Sweetened tea & coffee	Sweetened tea, sweetened coffee	Sweetened tea, sweetened coffee
9	Sugar Sweetened Beverages (except tea/coffee)	Non-alcoholic beer, sodas, fruit based drinks, squashes, cocoa milk drink (Milo etc)	Light and soft drinks, sodas and sweetened beverages, fruit based drinks, cocoa milk drink (Milo, chocolim, richoco), Sobolo (hibiscus tea: dried hibiscus leaves and sweetened with sugar)
10	Alcoholic beverages	Beer, wine, spirit	Beer, wine
11	Cakes and sweets	Doughnut, mandazi (African doughnut- deep fried), scone, cake, biscuits cookies, chocolate, sweets and toffee, mabuyu (sweetened/flavoured baobab seed), ngumu (hard cake), pancake	Sweet pie or tart, pastries, biscuits(imported/local), chocolate, sweets and toffee, ice cream, groundnut cake, doughnuts, bofrot (dry doughnuts)
12	Crisps and crackers	Crisps, chips (snack made from flour dough fried)	Plantain crisps, chips (snack made from bread flour dough fried)
13	Modern mixed dishes	No consumption	Fried rice, fried noodles
14	Traditional mixed dishes	Githeri (maize & beans), muthokoi (dehusked maize & beans), mukimo (potatoes, vegetable, pumpkin leaves, maize and beans), pilau (rice, vegetables, spices & meat), meat stew, fish stew, vegetable stew	Bean stew, eto (boiled plantain or yam with palm oil), waakye (cooked rice and beans meal), red (fried plantain with bean stew), jollof rice, egg stew, garden egg stew, cabbage stew, tomato sauce and stew, okro stew, nkontomire stew (local spinach stew), moringa stew (made with moringa oleifera leaves)
15	Condiments	Tomato and chilli sauce (ketchup), dried chilli, tomato paste	Shito (a traditional condiment/very hot sauce), pepper sauce
16	Wholegrain cereals	Whole (brown) bread, local brown rice, whole meal (brown) chapatti, whole meal ugali (whole corn flour meal), whole meal porridge, boiled maize, roasted maize	Local brown rice, boiled corn meal, maize sorghum, whole grain bread (seeded), whole (brown) bread, maize (boiled, roasted), millet porridge, other wholegrain cereals
17	Refined cereals	White bread, white rice, noodles, macaroni, white chapatti, white ugali (dehusked corn flour meal), white naan, refined porridge	White bread (sugar bread, butter bread, tea bread), white crisp bread, oats, white rice, pasta, macaroni, hot cereals/porridge/maize porridge/rice porridge, tapioca, tombrown (porridge of roasted corn/cereal flour), indomie/noodles, hausa koko (spicy millet porridge)
18	Roots/tubers not fried	Bananas (roasted/boiled), arrowroots, potatoes (roasted/boiled), sweet potatoes (roasted/boiled), yam	Plantain (roasted/boiled), cassava (boiled), gaari/gari (cassava powder), yam, fufu (boiled cassava, yam, plantain or cocoyam), Konkonte (fufu made solely from cassava flour/water)
19	Roots/tubers fried	Fried potatoes, fried sweet potatoes, fried arrowroots, fried bananas, fried bhajia	Plantain fried, sweet potatoes fried, yam fried
20	Legumes and pulses	Beans, lentils, ndengu (green grams), mbaazi (pigeon peas), njahi (black beans)	Baked beans, red beans
21	Nuts and seeds	Groundnuts	Agushi (melon seeds), groundnuts
22	Fruit	Orange, watermelon, ripe pawpaw, pineapple, apple, passion fruit, banana, lemon, avocado	Aluguntungui (sour soup), banana, watermelon, avocado, orange, pineapple, pear, mango, coconut, fruit juices (unsweetened), Pawpaw
23	Vegetables	Osuga/sucha/managu (African nightshades), cucumber, peppers, pumpkin, tomatoes, red or yellow pepper, green peas, green beans, carrots, kales, spinach, eggplant, mushrooms, onions, chicory, sukuma wiki (kale), kanzira (Ethiopian kale), saga (spider plant), mrenda (Jute mallow), mitoo (Bush Okra), garlic, kunde (cow pea leaves), terere (amaranth)	Green leaves, spinach, lettuce, chinese and white Cabbage, tomatoes, peppers, carrots, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, onions and garlic, mushrooms, pumpkin, bottle gourd, okro, turkey berries, other locally available leaves and traditional vegetables
24	Savoury pies	Vegetable samosa, meat samosa,	Meat pie, fish pie, koose (bean cake; spicy black-eyed pea fritter)
25	Fermented and non-fermented grain products	No consumption	Akple (unfermented cereal meal), T.Z/Tuo Zaafi (unfermented cereal meal), kenkey-Ga/Fante (fermented cereal meal), banku (fermented cereal meal), aboloo (fermented cereal meal), mashed kenkey (kenkey with sugar, milk and possibly peanut)
26	Soups	Tomato soup, vegetable soup, bone soup	Ademe soup (made from leaves of jute plant), light soup, vegetable soup, agushie soup (melon seeds), amma soup (green leafy vegetable), groundnut soup, lentil pea and bean soup, okro soup, palmnut soup, nkontomire soup (made from local spinach leaves), other soup