Table 2.
Classification of foods and beverages into unhealthy categories.
| Kenya (Nairobi) | Ghana (Accra and Ho) | |
|---|---|---|
| Classification based on nutrient and energy density | ||
| EDNP (energy dense, nutrient-poor foods)Energy Dense (>225 kcals/100g)Nutrient Poor (<10% for nutrient rich index score) |
Matumbo, mutura honey, jam, sweets and toffee, sugar, cake, scone, biscuit cookies, white chapatti, doughnut, margarine, butter vegetable fats/oils fried bhajia, sukari nguru | Fried red meat (beef, goat, pork, bush meat, cat meat), fried chicken, duck, bofrot, meat pie, fried sausage, TZ, sugar, sweet spreads, biscuits, sweets and toffee, doughnuts, tapioca, vegetable oil, margarine |
| EDNR (energy dense, nutrient-rich foods)Energy Dense (>225 kcals/100g)Nutrient Rich (≥10% for nutrient rich index score) |
Pancake, crisps, mabuyu, mandazi, ngumu, vegetable/meat samosa, roasted maize, local brown rice, wholemeal chapati, bread, fried chicken, pork, smokies, peanut butter, groundnuts, unsweetened condensed milk | Bread, yam, plantain, maize, burkina drink, powdered milk, gari, konkonte, waakye, koose, boiled red meat (beef, goat, pork, bush meat, cat meat), corned beef, tilapia fried, octopus, groundnuts |
| Classification based on food types | ||
| Fried foods (fried through cooking process) | Fried chicken, fried egg, fried sausage, koose, fried octopus, fried plantain/banana, fried sweet potato/potato, fried tilapia, fried yam, fried arrowroots, chips (flour dough fried), vegetable/meat samosa, crisps, fried bhajia | Fried chicken, fried egg, fried sausage, koose, fried octopus, fried plantain, fried sweet potato, fried tilapia, fried yam |
| Sweet foods (added sugars) | Sweets/toffee, chocolate, sugar, sugarcane, jam, honey, mandazi, doughnut, ngumu, scone, biscuit/cookies, sukari nguru, sugar cane juice, cake | Sweets/toffee, chocolate, bofrot, sugar, sweet pie/tart, tombrown, sugar/sweets |
| Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) | Sweetened tea/coffee, sodas sweetened fruit juices, squash, fruit based drink | Sweetened tea/coffee, burkina drink, sobolo, sodas and sweetened beverages |
Full definitions of Ghanaian and Kenyan dishes are in Table 1.