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. 2020 Nov 26;8:600032. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.600032

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Copyright © 2020 Xin, Yuan, Mu, Li, Song and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Histological and histomorphometric analysis of new bone formation under SM area at 1 and 4 weeks. (A) Aniline blue staining for assessing new bone formation in group CM and A-PRF at 1 week (blue-stained mineralized tissues were marked with black arrows; black dotted boxes represented DBBM, scale bar: 100 μm). (B) TRAP staining for the osteoclast activity at 1 week (TRAP-positive cells were marked with black arrows, scale bar: 100 μm). (C) Semiquantitative analysis regarding new osteoid formation and the relative expression of osteoclast area at 1 week (n = 3, ****p < 0.0001). Aniline blue staining (D), IHC (E), and TRAP staining (F) were performed to further reveal bone remodeling in group CM and A-PRF at 4 weeks (scale bar: 50 μm). (G) Semiquantitative analysis regarding new osteoid formation, relative expression of osteocalcin, osteoclast area at 4 weeks post-operation (n = 3, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). CM, collagen membrane; A-PRF, advanced platelet-rich fibrin; DBBM, deproteinized bovine bone mineral; NB, new bone.