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. 2020 Dec 10;371:m4284. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4284

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig 3 — Course of preoperative and postoperative pain levels. Data are calculated from mean values by bootstrapping owing to non-normally distributed outcome variable. Dashed line represents the numerical rating scale threshold of 3 for pain treatment. Whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals.