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Resume of the most common strategies used to modify NPs surface related to the nanomaterials.
| Material | Usable functional/chemical groups | Example of chemical compounds/processes suitable for surface modification |
| Silica | −SiOH | X-Si(OC2H5)3 |
| Noble metals | −Au; −Ag (plasmonic metals) | X-SH, X-NH2 |
| Metal oxide | MOx | X-COOH; X-(OH)n; X-NH2 (adsorption) |
| Carbon based | sp2 hybridize carbon | Oxidation; halogenation, cycloaddition … |
