Table 1.
Patient characteristics and clinical parameters at intensive care unit admission and on alignment day
| Anakinra (n = 21) | Control (n = 39) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male | 14 (67) | 33 (85) | 0.19 |
| Age, years | 63 [55–71] | 67 [59–72] | 0.42 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 [25.9–29.9] | 26.8 [24.3–31.1] | 0.50 |
| APACHE II | 15 [13–18] | 16 [12–20] | 0.46 |
| Time from first COVID symptoms until ICU admission, days | 13 [9–14] | 10 [7–15] | 0.33 |
| Medical history | |||
| Cardiovascular insufficiency | 4 (19) | 10 (26) | 0.75 |
| Hypertension | 8 (38) | 22 (56) | 0.28 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 1 (5) | 2 (5) | 1 |
| Renal insufficiency | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 |
| Metastatic neoplasm | 2 (10) | 2 (5) | 0.61 |
| Immunological insufficiency | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 (0) | 5 (13) | 0.15 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (33) | 7 (18) | 0.21 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.35 |
| Clinical parameters on admission day | |||
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 3380 [2028–18343] | 2950 [1605–4610] | 0.28 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 84 [68–96] | 82 [65–110] | 0.70 |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 47 [21–62] | 39 [30–56] | 0.95 |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 55 [35–76] | 51 [39–63] | 0.96 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | 8 [6–13] | 7 [5–14] | 0.53 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 380 [322–493] | 406 [324–507] | 0.92 |
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 8.2 [7.0–12.0] | 9.8 [6.0–11.4] | 0.95 |
| Thrombocytes, × 109/L | 247 [189–324] | 244 [181–325] | 0.61 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 254 [188–297] | 198 [133–292] | 0.22 |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L | 0.66 [0.18–1.39] | 0.86 [0.32–2.88] | 0.44 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 1842 [1313–2767] | 1439 [815–2396] | 0.19 |
| Temperature, °C | 38.4 [37.8–38.9] | 38.6 [37.5–39.3] | 0.56 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 138 [105–199] | 139 [101–178] | 0.94 |
| SOFA score | 7 [4–7] | 6 [5–8] | 0.27 |
| Clinical parameters on alignment day | |||
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 4063 [2585–6285] | 3918 [2349–5943] | 0.70 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 92 [76–106] | 79 [58–148] | 0.55 |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | 89 [55–119] | 67 [49–114] | 0.24 |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 96 [67–142] | 64 [46–97] | 0.009 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | 6 [5–12] | 5 [4–9] | 0.18 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 371 [317–450] | 348 [256–406] | 0.11 |
| White blood cells, × 109/L | 12.4 [10.4–15.9] | 13.5 [11.4–16.6] | 0.49 |
| Thrombocytes, × 109/L | 351 [314–494] | 366 [263–453] | 0.34 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 130 [90–237] | 92 [59–170] | 0.13 |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L | 0.66 [0.39–1.88] | 0.48 [0.23–0.78] | 0.07 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 2365 [1272–3713] | 1410 [713–1680] | 0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 39.1 [38.3–40.0] | 37.8 [37.0–38.3] | 0.0002 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 188 [133–268] | 157 [128–212] | 0.18 |
| SOFA score | 6 [4–8] | 5 [4–7] | 0.75 |
| APACHE II | 12 [9–13] | 10 [7–14] | 0.41 |
| Time from first COVID symptoms until alignment day, days | 22 [19–27] | 21 [18–26] | 0.62 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median [IQR]. p values were calculated using Fisher’s exact tests and Mann–Whiney-U tests