Table 2.
Effect of potential healthy beverage defaults and unhealthy beverage restrictions on calories ordered from beverages.
| Controls (n = 155) | Defaults (n = 162) | Restriction (n = 162) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Mean (SD) or n (%) | |
| Primary outcomes | |||
| Total beverage calories ordered for child at Chili's | 99.4 (72.7) | 97.6 (69.8) | 102.7 (71.5) |
| Total beverage calories ordered for child at McDonald's | 96.5 (95.2) | 90.2 (89.1) | 89.0 (81.0) |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| Ordered an unhealthy beverage for child at Chili's† | 20 (12.9%) | 19 (11.7%) | 12 (7.4%) |
| Total calories from unhealthy beverages ordered for child at Chili's† | 22.7 (71.2) | 15.2 (50.0) | 12.5 (52.0) |
| Ordered an unhealthy beverage for child at McDonald's† | 20 (12.9%) | 21 (13.0%) | 23 (14.2%) |
| Total calories from unhealthy beverages ordered for child at McDonald's† | 30.8 (94.6) | 28.4 (77.6) | 27.4 (73.4) |
| Ordered diet soda for child at Chili's | 3 (1.9%) | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (0.6%) |
| Ordered full-calorie soda for child at Chili's | 14 (9.0%) | 10 (6.2%) | 5 (3.1%) |
| Total calories from full-calorie soda ordered for child at Chili's | 13.4 (52.1) | 6.1 (31.2) | 3.0 (21.6) |
| Ordered diet soda for child at McDonald's | 7 (4.5%) | 6 (3.7%) | 4 (2.5%) |
| Ordered full-calorie soda for child at McDonald's | 14 (9.0%) | 16 (9.9%) | 13 (8.0%) |
| Total calories from full-calorie soda ordered for child at McDonald's† | 18.8 (70.8) | 20.3 (65.1) | 16.1 (56.7) |
| Total beverage calories ordered for themselves at Chili's | 61.0 (89.3) | 70.6 (94.0) | 76.7 (98.7) |
| Total beverage calories ordered for themselves at McDonald's | 102.2 (118.1) | 108.3 (116.6) | 108.9 (148.3) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05 relative to the Controls condition (after correcting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni-Holm procedure).
†
Unhealthy beverages include regular and diet soda and sweet tea at McDonald’s; and regular and diet soda, Minute Maid lemonade, strawberry lemonade, and mango iced tea at Chili’s.