Figure 1.

Locomotor and behavioral parameters. (a) Effects of different oleoresins on the locomotor activity on the 6th and 13th days in a rat model. (b, c) Effects of spices on learning ability (b) and memory (c) in a scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s-type cognitive impairment in a rat model. C: normal control, S: scopolamine, SP: scopolamine + pepper, SC: scopolamine + chili, ST: scopolamine + turmeric, and SD: scopolamine + drug. All of the values are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Mean values with the same superscript letters are not significantly different, whereas those with the different superscript letters are significantly (P < 0.05) different, as judged by Duncan’s multiple range test.