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Forest plot of associations between the PI*ZZ genotype and prevalent conditions stratified by smoking status. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression models compared to the PI*MM (wild-type) genotype adjusted for age, sex, genotyping array, assessment centre and the first five genetic principal components. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; NA: not applicable. #: no never-smokers have been diagnosed with bronchiectasis.
