Table 4.

Association Between Post‐TAVR PPMI and Cost and Length of Stay

Outcome	2012–2013					2014–2015					2016–2017
	PPMI	No PPMI	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient	P Value	PPMI	No PPMI	P value	Adjusted Coefficient	P Value	PPMI	No PPMI	P Value	Adjusted Coefficient	P Value
LOS,* median (IQR)	8 (6, 14)	6 (4, 11)	<0.001	NA	NA	6 (4, 10)	4 (3, 8)	<0.001	NA	NA	5 (3, 8)	3 (2, 5)	<0.001	NA	NA
LOS, mean (95% CI)	11.6 (10.8–12.5)	9.4 (9–9.9)	<0.001	1.9 (1.2–2.5)	<0.001	9.1 (8.5–9.7)	7.3 (6.9–7.6)	<0.001	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	<0.001	7 (6.6–7.4)	4.8 (4.7–5)	<0.001	1.8 (1.3–2.2)	<0.001
LOS (normal log scale)	2.08 (1.79–2.64)	1.79 (1.38–2.39)	<0.001	0.26 (0.21–0.3)	<0.001	1.79 (1.39–2.3)	1.39 (1.1–2.08)	<0.001	0.28 (0.25–0.32)	<0.001	1.61 (1.1–2.08)	1.1 (0.69–1.61)	<0.001	0.4 (0.35–0.45)	<0.001
Cost,** median (IQR)	67 744 (54 252, 88 916)	52 117 (40 445, 69 401)	<0.001	NA	NA	64 445 (51 458, 82 614)	49 864 (39 580, 65 625)	<0.001	NA	NA	62 169 (50 367, 78 344)	45 912 (36 120, 59 372)	<0.001	NA	NA
Cost, mean (95% CI)	74 399 (70 570–78 228)	58 905 (57 102–60 707)	<0.001	13 094 (9548–16 639)	<0.001	68 460 (65 687–71 233)	56 171 (54 410–57 933)	<0.001	12 396 (10 613–14 178)	<0.001	67 068 (64 782–69 354)	50 600 (49 140–52 059)	<0.001	15 368 (13 428–17 308)	<0.001
Cost (normal log scale)	11.19 (10.96–11.45)	10.92 (10.67–11.2)	<0.001	0.23 (0.18–0.28)	<0.001	11.11 (10.88–11.36)	10.85 (10.62–11.13)	<0.001	0.22 (0.2–0.25)	<0.001	11.08 (10.87–11.31)	10.78 (10.54–11.04)	<0.001	0.27 (0.25–0.3)	<0.001

Clinical covariates used for adjustment are listed in Table S2. In addition, cost data were adjusted for inflation. IQR indicates interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; NA, nonapplicable; PPMI, permanent pacemaker implantation; and TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

^aDays.

^bUS dollars.