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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Aging Ment Health. 2009 Nov;13(6):863–873. doi: 10.1080/13607860903046552

Table 1.

Scores for Depressive symptomatology (CES-D) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), according to demographic categories

n CES-D SD F PSS SD F
Gender 44.13 (1,1016)*** 21.02 (1,1015)***
Men 285 15.9 11.8 21.3 9. 9
Women 733 22.0 13.5 24.4 9.2
Age 8.71 (2,1015)*** 14.09 (2,1014)***
44–55 431 22.2 13.6 25.2 9.4
56–65 401 19.4 13.1 22.8 9.3
66–75 186 17.9 12.6 21.2 9.50
Education 3.90 (5,1010)** 4.44 (5,1009)**
No school 39 19.1 12.5 20.4 10.6
Up to 8th 460 21.2 13.2 23.7 9.8
Up to 12th 361 20.6 13.5 24.3 9.2
Some college 105 19.5 13.7 23.7 8.5
Bachelor’s 28 12.7 8.9 18.2 8.1
Some grad 23 12.8 12.4 18.7 10.6
Marital Status 7.49 (3,1010)*** 5.29 (3,1009) **
Married 327 17.8 13.1 22.5 9.8
Divorced 407 21.9 13.0 24.6 9.0
Widowed 145 19.3 13.5 21.8 9.6
Never married 135 22.4 13.8 24.6 9.9
SES 18.33 (2,971)*** 9.40 (2, 970)***
$0–5000 278 22.1 13.4 24.6 9.9
$5001–10,000 493 21.4 13.5 24.0 9.2
Over $10,000 203 15.9 11.9 21.4 9.2
Employment 49.74 (1,896)*** 32.89 (1,896)***
no 708 21.5 13.5 24.2 9.7
yes 190 14.1 10.7 19.8 8.3
Poverty Index 24.88 (1,972)*** 5.48 (1,971)*
above 401 17.94 12.63 22.80 9.03
below 573 22.22 13.55 24.24 9.69
Language use 2.56 (3,1005) 0.38 (3,1004)
Only Spanish 382 21.70 12.84 23.91 9.61
Mostly Spanish 387 19.55 13.62 23.26 9.53
Both the same 182 19.57 13.84 23.18 9.54
English 58 18.03 12.07 23.46 8.95

ANOVA:

*

p < 0.05

**

p < 0.01

***

p < 0.001