Table 1.
Groups’ characteristics (N = 267)
| Variable | Veiled Muslim women (n = 70) | Unveiled Muslim women (n = 50) | Christian women (n = 79) | Atheist women (n = 68) | Group comparison | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | df | p | ηp2 | |
| Mean age (in years) | 22.01c,d | 3.58 | 22.30c | 5.42 | 25.13a,b | 5.71 | 24.44a | 4.30 | 7.08 | 3 | < .001** | 0.08 |
| Mean body mass indexe | 23.35 | 4.03 | 23.43 | 4.55 | 23.05 | 4.91 | 22.43 | 3.55 | 0.71 | 3 | .545 | 0.01 |
| Number of participants | ||||||||||||
| Born in Germanyf | 55c,d (78.6%) | 40c (80.0%) | 73a,b (92.4%) | 63a (92.7%) | χ2 = 20.63 | < .001** | ||||||
| With a current relationship | 16c,d (22.9%) | 18c,d (36.0%) | 47a,b (59.5%) | 38a,b (55.9%) | χ2 = 25.49 | < .001** | ||||||
| Number of childreng | 0.13 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.58 | 0.34d | 0.82 | 0.04c | 0.27 | 3.36 | 3 | .019* | 0.04 |
| Highest qualification: Number of participants with | H(3) = 17.20 | .001* | η2 = 0.06 | |||||||||
| Intermediate school degree | 9 (12.9%) | 10 (20.0%) | 9 (11.4%) | 0 (0%) | ||||||||
| High school degree | 46 (65.7%) | 24 (48.0%) | 53 (67.1%) | 38 (55.9%) | ||||||||
| University degree | 12 (17.1%) | 14 (28.0%) | 17 (21.5%) | 28 (41.2%) | ||||||||
| Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaireh | ||||||||||||
| Restraint | 0.96 | 1.00 | 1.32 | 1.42 | 1.45 | 1.36 | 1.39 | 1.34 | 2.14 | 3 | .096 | 0.03 |
| Eating concern | 0.52 | 0.82 | 0.92 | 1.16 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 1.01 | 1.81 | 3 | .146 | 0.02 |
| Shape concern | 1.68 | 1.41 | 2.29 | 1.70 | 2.20 | 1.52 | 2.15 | 1.43 | 2.15 | 3 | .095 | 0.02 |
| Weight concern | 1.42 | 1.19 | 1.96 | 1.54 | 2.04 | 1.43 | 1.85 | 1.41 | 2.78 | 3 | .042 | 0.03 |
**p < .001; *p < .05
aDiffer significantly from veiled Muslim women (p < .05)
bDiffer significantly from unveiled Muslim women (p < .05)
cDiffer significantly from Christian women (p < .05)
dDiffer significantly from atheist women (p < .05)
eOne unveiled Muslim woman did not report her weight
fOne unveiled Muslim woman, five Christian women, and two atheist women did not report their country of birth
gOne veiled Muslim woman did not report her number of children
hOne unveiled Muslim woman was not included in the analysis because of missing data