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. 2020 Dec 9;20:592. doi: 10.1186/s12935-020-01693-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Autophagy induction is required for berberine-induced TMZ resensitization in TMZ-R cells. a and b TMZ resistance cells were treated with increasing concentrations of TMZ with or without berberine and 1 mM 3-MA for 72 h. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. c and d TMZ resistance cells pretreated with 1 mM 3-MA were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 h. Apoptosis was analyzed flow cytometry. e and f TMZ resistance cells pretreated with 1 mM 3-MA were treated with 100 μM TMZ with or without 10 μM berberine for 24 h. Indicated proteins level were analyzed by western blotting. LC3 II was normalized to LC3 I. BBR: berberine. Results were presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05