Table 3.
The treatments and outcomes of the included studies.
| Study | Treatments | Trial interventions | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dickinson (23) | Eltrombopag plus azacitidine | Eltrombopag (start, 200 mg/d [East Asians,100 mg/d], maximum, 300 mg/d [East Asians, 150 mg/d]) or placebo, plus azacitidine (75 mg/m2 subcutaneously once daily for 7 days every 28 days) | The primary end point was the proportion of patients who were free of PT during cycles 1 through 4 of azacytidine therapy. Secondary end points included OS, disease response, duration of response, progression to AML and PFS, HI, safety, and tolerability. |
| Oliva et al. (26) | Eltrombopag | Eltrombopag (50 mg to 300 mg) or placebo for at least 24 weeks and until disease progression and were masked to treatment allocation. | The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients achieving a PR within 24 weeks and safety. Secondary endpoints included time to response, PT, incidence and severity of bleeding, changes in quality-of-life score. |
| Mittelman (17) | Eltrombopag | Eltrombopag or placebo at 100 mg per day (50 mg per day for patients of east-Asian heritage) to a maximum of 300 mg per day (150 mg per day for patients of east-Asian heritage). | disease response; HI; PFS; maximum PT independence duration from weeks 5 to 12; WHO Bleeding Scale-based bleeding; DP; OS; and quality of life assessment; PT |
| Platzbecker et al. (27) | Eltrombopag | Once daily eltrombopag or matching placebo dose adjusted from 50 mg to a maximum dose of 300 mg. | The primary endpoint includes AE, nonhematological laboratory grade 3–4 toxic effects, and changes in bone-marrow blast counts from baseline. Secondary end points were PR, PT, OS, and plasma eltrombopag concentration. |
| Wang et al. (29) | Romiplostim plus lenalidomide | Weekly placebo or romiplostim 500 μg or 750 μg for four 28-day lenalidomide cycles. | AE, bleeding events, and concomitant medications, progression to AML, CSTEs, and PT, percentage of patients who had a reduction or delay in lenalidomide, CR, PR, or OR and incidence of bleeding events |
| Greenberg et al. (28) | Romiplostim plus decitabine | Romiplostim 750 μg or placebo and decitabine. | The primary end point was CSTEs. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of romiplostim in combination with a hypomethylating agent; the proportion of patients receiving hypomethylating agent treatment and schedule; PT |
| Kantarjian et al. (30) | Romiplostim plus azacitidine | Romiplostim 500 g or 750 g or placebo subcutaneously once weekly during 4 cycles of azacitidine. | The primary endpoint was CSTEs. Secondary endpoints incidence of PT frequency and number of units transfused, incidence of azacitidine dose reduction, or delay resulting from thrombocytopenia, and response rate at the end of azacitidine treatment. |
| Kantarjian et al. (31) | Romiplostim | Placebo or 750 μg romiplostim subcutaneously once per week for 58 weeks. | The primary outcomes were survival and progression to AML. CSTEs, PT, bleeding events, and PR, OS, AE |
CSTEs, incidence of clinically significant thrombocytopenic events; DP, disease progression; HI, hematologic improvement; PT, platelet translation; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; CR, complete response, PR, partial response.