TABLE 3.
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of frailty, stratified by BMI and physical activity, (n = 78,366).1
| Fruit and vegetable servings/d | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 3 | 3 to <4 | 4 to <5 | 5 to <6 | 6 to <7 | 7+ | P-trend | |
| BMI,2 <25.0 | 1 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.88 (0.79, 0.97) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.11 |
| BMI,2 ≥25.0 | 1 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.06) | 0.21 |
| Physical activity,3 <median | 1 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) | 0.86 (0.79, 0.94) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity,3 ≥median | 1 | 0.88 (0.74, 1.05) | 0.75 (0.63, 0.88) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.91) | 0.70 (0.59, 0.84) | 0.68 (0.57, 0.81) | <0.001 |
| Total vegetable servings/d | <2 | 2 to <3 | 3 to <4 | 4 to <5 | 5+ | ||
| BMI,2 <25.0 | 1 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.91 (0.89, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 0.17 | |
| BMI,2 ≥25.0 | 1 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.14) | 0.92 | |
| Physical activity,3 <median | 1 | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01 | 0.94 (0.88, 0.99) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) | 0.85 (0.86, 1.04) | 0.02 | |
| Physical activity,3 ≥median | 1 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.96) | 0.81 (0.69, 0.93) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.99) | 0.01 | |
| Total fruit servings/d | <1 | 1 to <2 | 2 to <3 | 3 to <4 | 4+ | ||
| BMI,2 <25.0 | 1 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.08) | 0.23 | |
| BMI,2 ≥25.0 | 1 | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.01) | 0.01 | |
| Physical activity,3 <median | 1 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.01) | 0.88 (0.81, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.97) | 0.87 (0.77, 0.97) | 0.001 | |
| Physical activity,3 ≥median | 1 | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) | 0.69 (0.58, 0.83) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.89) | <0.001 | |
Values presented as multivariable HRs (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated. Adjusted for age, smoking, energy intake, BMI, physical activity, postmenopausal hormone use, aspirin, antihypertensive medications, lipid lowering medications, diabetes medication, insulin, highest academic degree, census track income data, alcohol, and a modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index that does not include fruits and vegetables. HRs computed with Cox proportional hazard models.
Case count: BMI <25 = 5336, BMI ≥25 = 7098; P-interaction ≤ 0.05 for total fruits and vegetables and total vegetables.
Case count: physical activity <median = 9559, physical activity ≥median = 2875; P-interaction ≤ 0.05 total vegetables, total fruit, and total fruits and vegetables.