TABLE 1.

Age-standardized characteristics of the participants in the Nurses’ Health Study included in this analysis, averaged throughout the study period between 1980 and 2012

	Frequency of Yogurt Consumption
Characteristic	Never or <1 serving/month	1–3 servings/month	1+ servings/week
Person-years	833,869	630,288	961,735
Age, not age-standardized	57.2 (11.2)	60.3 (11.3)	62.5 (10.8)
Height, inches	64.4 (2.4)	64.5 (2.4)	64.6 (2.4)
BMI, kg/m2	25.2 (4.7)	25.5 (4.7)	25.3 (4.5)
Physical activity, METs hours/week	13.8 (16.7)	15.4 (17.5)	18.5 (18.8)
Pack-years of smoking before age 30	7.1 (5.1)	6.9 (5.3)	6.9 (5.5)
Family history of colorectal cancer, %	16.7	16.5	16.1
History of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, %	13.9	18.3	20.9
Multivitamin use, %	41.7	50.0	57.3
Aspirin use, %	47.6	49.1	50.8
Nullipararity, %	6.0	5.3	5.5
Number of children among parous women	2.9 (1.0)	2.9 (1.0)	2.8 (0.9)
Age at first birth	25.2 (3.4)	25.1 (3.3)	25.0 (3.2)
Postmenopausal, %	69.4	73.3	75.1
Current postmenopausal hormone use, %	46.0	48.5	48.1
Total caloric intake, calories/day	1618 (452)	1643 (423)	1752 (428)
Total dairy consumption, servings/day	2.2 (1.4)	2.2 (1.2)	2.6 (1.3)
Total non-yogurt dairy consumption, servings/day	2.2 (1.4)	2.2 (1.2)	2.4 (1.2)
Red meat consumption, servings/week	4.2 (2. 9)	3.7 (2.7)	3.4 (2.5)
Processed meat consumption, servings/week	2.1 (2.3)	1.7 (2.0)	1.4 (1.8)
Alcohol intake, g/d	6.7 (10.8)	5.9 (9.1)	5.6 (8.0)
Folate intake, μg/d	354 (208)	387 (200)	425 (197)
Calcium intake, mg/d	801 (329)	905 (333)	1047 (334)
Vitamin D intake, IU/d	314 (224)	350 (220)	390 (215)
Fiber intake, g/d	14.9 (4.9)	16.4 (4.6)	17.5 (4.7)

Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population. Abbreviation: METs, metabolic equivalents.