TABLE. Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with COVID-19 — COVID-NET, 13 states,* March 1–August 22, 2020.
| Characteristic | no./No. (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 598) | Symptomatic at admission (n = 272) | Asymptomatic at admission (n = 326) | |
|
Age group, yrs
| |||
| 15–24 |
167/598 (27.9) |
69/272 (25.4) |
98/326 (30.1) |
| 25–34 |
318/598 (53.2) |
143/272 (52.6) |
175/326 (53.7) |
| 35–49 |
113/598 (18.9) |
60/272 (22.1) |
53/326 (16.3) |
|
Race/Ethnicity (n = 577)
| |||
| Hispanic or Latino |
245/577 (42.5) |
131/265 (49.4) |
114/312 (36.5) |
| American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic |
8/577 (1.4) |
4/265 (1.5) |
4/312 (1.3) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic |
72/577 (12.5) |
37/265 (14.0) |
35/312 (11.2) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
153/577 (26.5) |
57/265 (21.5) |
96/312 (30.8) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
97/577 (16.8) |
35/265 (13.2) |
62/312 (19.9) |
| Multiracial |
2/577 (0.3) |
1/265 (0.4) |
1/312 (0.3) |
|
Pregnancy trimester at hospital admission (n = 596)
| |||
| First |
14/596 (2.3) |
13/271 (4.8) |
1/325 (0.3) |
| Second |
61/596 (10.2) |
50/271 (18.5) |
11/325 (3.4) |
| Third |
521/596 (87.4) |
208/271 (76.8) |
313/325 (96.3) |
|
Reason for hospital admission (n = 324)†
| |||
| COVID-19–related illness |
61/324 (18.8) |
59/122 (48.4) |
2/202 (1.0) |
| Obstetrics/Labor and delivery |
242/324 (74.7) |
55/122 (45.1) |
187/202 (92.6) |
| Other |
21/324 (6.5) |
8/122 (6.6) |
13/202 (6.4) |
|
Underlying conditions
| |||
| Any underlying condition or conditions |
123/598 (20.6) |
63/272 (23.2) |
60/326 (18.4) |
| Asthma |
49/598 (8.2) |
30/272 (11.0) |
19/326 (5.8) |
| Cardiovascular disease (excludes hypertension) |
6/598 (1.0) |
6/272 (2.2) |
0/326 (—) |
| Chronic lung disease |
6/598 (1.0) |
6/272 (2.2) |
0/326 (—) |
| Chronic metabolic disease |
44/598 (7.4) |
23/272 (8.5) |
21/326 (6.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus§ |
23/598 (3.8) |
15/272 (5.5) |
8/326 (2.5) |
| Thyroid dysfunction |
21/598 (3.5) |
9/272 (3.3) |
12/326 (3.7) |
| Hypertension |
26/598 (4.3) |
12/272 (4.4) |
14/326 (4.3) |
| Liver disease |
10/598 (1.7) |
5/272 (1.8) |
5/326 (1.5) |
| Neurologic conditions |
12/598 (2.0) |
6/272 (2.2) |
6/326 (1.8) |
| Other underlying condition or conditions¶ |
7/598 (1.2) |
3/272 (1.1) |
4/326 (1.2) |
|
Smoking
| |||
| Current smoker |
13/598 (2.2) |
8/272 (2.9) |
5/326 (1.5) |
| Former smoker |
41/598 (6.9) |
20/272 (7.4) |
21/326 (6.4) |
| Not a smoker/Unknown smoking history |
544/598 (91.0) |
244/272 (89.7) |
300/326 (92.0) |
|
Chest radiograph findings (n = 132)**
| |||
| Infiltrate/Consolidation |
103/132 (78.0) |
99/121 (81.8) |
4/11 (36.4) |
| Bronchopneumonia/Pneumonia |
39/132 (29.5) |
39/121 (32.2) |
0/11 (—) |
| Pleural effusion |
2/132 (1.5) |
1/121 (0.8) |
1/11 (9.1) |
|
Chest CT findings (n = 48)††
| |||
| Ground glass opacities |
21/48 (43.8) |
17/40 (42.5) |
4/8 (50.0) |
| Infiltrate/Consolidation |
31/48 (64.6) |
28/40 (70.0) |
3/8 (37.5) |
| Bronchopneumonia/pneumonia |
17/48 (35.4) |
15/40 (37.5) |
2/8 (25.0) |
| Pleural effusion |
7/48 (14.6) |
5/40 (12.5) |
2/8 (25.0) |
|
COVID-19 investigational treatments
| |||
| Received treatment (not mutually exclusive) |
52/598 (8.7) |
43/272 (15.8) |
9/326 (2.8) |
| Remdesivir |
18/598 (3.0) |
18/272 (6.6) |
0/326 (—) |
| Azithromycin§§ |
25/598 (4.2) |
24/272 (8.9) |
1/326 (0.3) |
| Hydroxychloroquine |
21/598 (3.5) |
19/272 (7.0) |
2/326 (0.6) |
| Convalescent plasma |
9/598 (1.5) |
9/272 (3.3) |
0/326 (0) |
| Chloroquine |
1/598 (0.2) |
1/272 (0.4) |
0/326 (0) |
| Other |
17/598 (2.8) |
10/272 (3.7) |
7/326 (2.2) |
|
Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), days
|
2 (2–3) |
3 (2–5) |
2 (2–3) |
|
ICU admission
|
44/598 (7.4) |
44/272 (16.2) |
0/326 (—) |
|
ICU length of stay, median (IQR), days (n = 41)¶¶
|
5 (2–13) |
5 (2–13) |
— |
|
Interventions
| |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation*** |
23/598 (3.8) |
23/272 (8.5) |
0/326 (—) |
| BIPAP/CPAP*** |
3/598 (0.5) |
3/272 (1.1) |
0/326 (—) |
| High flow nasal cannula*** |
5/598 (0.8) |
5/272 (1.8) |
0/326 (—) |
| Systemic steroids |
34/598 (5.7) |
22/272 (8.1) |
12/326 (3.7) |
| Vasopressors |
32/598 (5.4) |
22/272 (8.1) |
10/326 (3.1) |
| ECMO |
2/598 (0.3) |
2/272 (0.7) |
0/326 (—) |
| Renal replacement therapy or dialysis |
2/598 (0.3) |
2/272 (0.7) |
0/326 (—) |
|
New clinical discharge diagnoses (n = 554)†††
| |||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
15/554 (2.7) |
14/251 (5.6) |
1/303 (0.3) |
| Acute respiratory failure |
41/554 (7.4) |
41/251 (16.3) |
0/303 (—) |
| Pneumonia |
75/554 (13.5) |
73/251 (29.1) |
2/303 (0.7) |
| Sepsis |
21/554 (3.8) |
21/251 (8.4) |
0/303 (—) |
|
In-hospital death
|
2/598 (0.3) |
2/272 (0.7) |
0/326 (—) |
|
Current pregnancy plurality
| |||
| Singleton pregnancy |
567/598 (94.8) |
253/272 (93.0) |
314/326 (96.3) |
| Multiple pregnancy |
14/598 (2.3) |
8/272 (2.9) |
6/326 (1.8) |
| Unknown |
17/598 (2.8) |
11/272 (4.0) |
6/326 (1.8) |
|
Pregnancy-associated conditions (n = 581)§§§
| |||
| Gestational diabetes |
64/581 (11.0) |
31/261 (11.9) |
33/320 (10.3) |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy¶¶¶ |
70/581 (12.0) |
33/261 (12.6) |
37/320 (11.6) |
| Intrauterine growth restriction |
11/581 (1.9) |
4/261 (1.5) |
7/320 (2.2) |
| None |
453/581 (78.0) |
202/261 (77.4) |
251/320 (78.4) |
|
Pregnancy status at discharge or death
| |||
| Still pregnant |
139/598 (23.2) |
130/272 (47.8) |
9/326 (2.8) |
| No longer pregnant |
458/598 (76.6) |
141/272 (51.8) |
317/326 (97.2) |
| Unknown |
1/598 (0.2) |
1/272 (0.4) |
0/326 (—) |
|
Pregnancy outcomes (n = 458)
| |||
| Live birth**** |
448/458 (97.8) |
134/141 (95.0) |
314/317 (99.1) |
| Term live birth (≥37 wks)†††† |
389/445 (87.4) |
103/134 (76.9) |
286/311 (92.0) |
| Pre-term live birth (<37 wks)†††† |
56/445 (12.6) |
31/134 (23.1) |
25/311 (8.0) |
| Pregnancy loss§§§§ |
10/458 (2.2) |
7/141 (5.0) |
3/317 (0.9) |
| Pregnancy loss at <20 wks’ gestation |
4/458 (0.9) |
3/141 (2.1) |
1/317 (0.3) |
| Pregnancy loss at ≥20 wks’ gestation |
5/458 (1.1) |
4/141 (2.8) |
1/317 (0.3) |
| Pregnancy loss at unknown gestational age |
1/458 (0.2) |
0/141 (–) |
1/317 (0.3) |
|
In-hospital newborn death¶¶¶¶
|
2/448 (0.4) |
2/134 (1.5) |
0/314 (—) |
|
Mode of delivery (n = 458)
| |||
| Vaginal |
302/458 (65.9) |
79/141 (56.0) |
223/317 (70.3) |
| Cesarean section |
151/458 (33.0) |
59/141 (41.8) |
92/317 (29.0) |
| Unknown | 5/458 (1.1) | 3/141 (2.1) | 2/317 (0.6) |
Abbreviations: BIPAP/CPAP = bilevel positive airway pressure/continuous positive airway pressure; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; CT = computed tomography; ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range.
* California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah.
† Information not available for those hospitalized before June 2020.
§ Does not include gestational diabetes.
¶ One or more other underlying conditions, which included blood disorders/hemoglobinopathy (four), immunocompromised condition (two), renal disease (one), and rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition (one).
** Among those who had a chest radiograph performed during hospitalization or ≤3 days before the hospital admission.
†† Among those who had a chest CT/MRI performed during hospitalization or ≤3 days before the hospital admission.
§§ If administered with another COVID-19 investigational treatment.
¶¶ Includes women admitted to an ICU with a known ICU length of stay.
*** Highest level of respiratory support for each woman who needed respiratory support.
††† Based on discharge summary diagnoses, for those who had discharge summaries.
§§§ Among those with information on pregnancy-associated conditions.
¶¶¶ Preeclampsia or gestational hypertension.
**** Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth; might have been a singleton or multiple delivery.
†††† Among live births with known gestational age at delivery.
§§§§ Pregnancy losses might include spontaneous abortion/miscarriage, therapeutic abortion, or stillbirth.
¶¶¶¶ The denominator refers to the 448 pregnancies resulting in live births. These 448 pregnancies resulted in the birth of 457 newborns; nine women had twins. The deaths of two newborns that occurred during the birth hospitalization were indicated on their mothers’ hospital charts.