ACM	Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
AFM	Atomic force microscopy
AJ	Adhesive junction
AP	Action potential
APD	Action potential duration
ARVC	Arrhythmogenic right-ventricular cardiomyopathy
BTHS	Barth syndrome
CaT	Calcium transient
CFCS	Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome
CHF	Chronic heart failure
CiPA	Comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay
CM	Cardiomyocyte
CPVT	Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DAD	Delayed afterdepolarization
DCM	Dilated cardiomyopathy
DMD	Duchenne muscular dystrophy
EAD	Early afterdepolarization
EC	Endothelial cell
ECC	Excitation–contraction coupling
ECG	Electrocardiogram
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EHT/EHM	Engineered heart tissue/engineered heart muscle
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
ERR	Estrogen-related receptors (including α, β, and γ)
FAO	Fatty-acid oxidation
FFR	Force–frequency relationship
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FP	Field potential
GAA	Acid-α-glucosidase
GATA	GATA family transcription factor
GC	Glucocorticoid
GJ	Gap junction
HCM	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCN4	Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4
hERG	Human ether-à-go-go-related gene
HF	Heart failure
HFrEF	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HIF1	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha
hESC	Human embryonic stem cell
hiPSC	Human induced pluripotent stem cell
hiPSC-CM	Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte
HOPX	Homeodomain-only protein homeobox
ID	Intercalated disc
IGF	Insulin-like growth factor
JiCSA	Japan iPS cardiac safety assessment
LDHA	Lactate dehydrogenase A
LQT1/2/3	Long QT syndrome type 1/type 2/type 3
LQTS	Long QT syndrome
LTCC	L-type calcium channel
MEA	Multielectrode array
MEF2	Myocyte enhancer factor-2
miRNA/miR	MicroRNA
MMP	Mitochondrial membrane potential
MS	Mass spectrometry
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cell
MTF	Muscle thin film
NCX	Na+–Ca2+ exchanger
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Non-CM	Noncardiomyocyte
NRG1	Neuregulin-1
NRs	Nuclear receptor superfamily
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PD	Pompe disease
pF	Picofarad
PGC-1	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1-alpha/beta
PPAR	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
RA	Retinoic acid
RXR	Retinoid X receptor
RyR	Ryanodine receptor
SERCA	Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase
SR	Sarcoplasmic reticulum
SRF	Serum response factor
ssTnI	Slow skeletal muscle troponin I
T3	Triiodothyronine
TdP	Torsade de pointes
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TNNT	Troponin
TTN	Titin
T-tubule	Transverse tubule
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
α-MHC	Myosin heavy chain α-isoform
β-MHC	Myosin heavy chain β-isoform