Table 3.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between select health outcomes and indoor heat exposure metrics (per 5°C) for City of Houston (COH) and Harris County residents (June–September, 2000–2015).
| Heat metric/lags | HEAT diagnoses (COH) | HEAT diagnoses (Harris County) | CIRC diagnoses (COH) | CIRC diagnoses (Harris County) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | EHA | Mortality | EHA | Mortality | EHA | Mortality | EHA | |
| Indoor max DI (°C) | ||||||||
| Lag | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.18 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.05 (0.96,1.16) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.27) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.46) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.16) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.35) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) |
| 1 | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) | 1.13 (1.03, 1.24) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.41) | 1.13 (1.01, 1.28) | 1.18 (1.04, 1.35) | 1.10 (0.98, 1.23) |
| 2 | 1.01 (0.89, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.13) |
| 3 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.14) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) |
| 4 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) |
| 5 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) |
| 6 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) | 0.90 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.86, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) |
| 0–2 | 1.20 (1.02, 1.40) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.26) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.31 (1.10, 1.57) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.44) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.24) |
| Indoor max temp (°C) | ||||||||
| Lag | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.25) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |
| 1 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.15) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) |
| 2 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |
| 3 | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) |
| 4 | 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) |
| 5 | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.92, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) |
| 6 | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) |
| 0–2 | 1.10 (0.99, 1.22) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.30) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) |
| Indoor min temp (°C) | ||||||||
| Lag | ||||||||
| 0 | 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.24) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.26 (1.00, 1.58) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.16) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.13) |
| 1 | 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.42) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 1.30 (1.03, 1.63) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.22) | 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.17) |
| 2 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) | 1.08 (0.89, 1.31) | 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.13 (0.90, 1.43) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.40) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
| 3 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.86, 1.25) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) |
| 4 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.81, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.08) |
| 5 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.85, 1.21) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) |
| 6 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.17) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.27) |
| 0–2 | 1.22 (0.95, 1.57) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.31) | 1.15 (0.90, 1.45) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.37 (1.03, 1.82) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.29) | 1.26 (0.97, 1.66) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) |
Note: Mortality data were available 2000–2015; EHA data were available 2004–2013. Odds Ratios were derived from single-exposure, time-stratified case-crossover models (conditional logistic regression), that matched on census block group of subject residence, year, month, and weekday of the adverse health event. Models controlled for federal holidays, day of the warm season, maximum ambient temperature and maximum ambient dew point temperature (in degrees Celsius, modeled as cubic polynomials). CIRC, diseases of the circulatory system; COH, City of Houston; DI, discomfort index; EHA, emergency hospital admission; HEAT, heat-related illnesses; max, maximum; min, minimum; temp, temperature.