Table 1.
Number of cancer deaths attributable to carcinogenic infections, by infectious agents, diagnosis (ICD-10), and sex in Italy, 2015.
| Total Deaths | PAF (95% CI) * |
Total (N, 95% CI) § |
Men (N, 95% CI) § |
Women (N, 95% CI) § |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helicobacter pylori | |||||
| Non-cardia malignant neoplasm of stomach (C16.1–9) | 8915 | 89% (79–94) | 7934 (7043–8380) | 4538 (4028–4793) | 3396 (3015–3587) |
| Gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–85, C96) | 245 | 74% (43–86) | 182 (106–211) | 99 (57–115) | 83 (48–96) |
| Hepatitis C virus | |||||
| Liver cancer (C22) | 4064 | 94% (92–96) | 3812 (3718–3881) | 2583 (2520–2630) | 1229 (1199–1251) |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (C82–85, C96) | 4908 | 1.7% (1.5–2.1) | 83 (74–103) | 45 (40–56) | 38 (34–47) |
| Hepatitis B virus | |||||
| Liver cancer (C22) | 801 | 70% (63–76) | 560 (502–610) | 379 (340–413) | 181 (162–197) |
| Human papillomavirus (high-risk HPV types) | |||||
| Carcinoma of the oropharynx | 599 | 24% (17–30) | 144 (102–180) | 106 (75–133) | 37 (27–47) |
| Neoplasm of base of tongue (C01) | 92 | 22 (16–28) | 17 (12–21) | 5 (4–7) | |
| Neoplasm of tonsil (C09) | 186 | 45 (32–56) | 32 (23–41) | 12 (9–15) | |
| Neoplasm of oropharynx (C10) | 321 | 77 (55–96) | 57 (40–71) | 20 (14–25) | |
| Cancer of the oral cavity | 1233 | 4.3% (3.2–5.7) | 53 (39–70) | 30 (22–39) | 23 (17–31) |
| Neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue (C02) | 522 | 22 (15–30) | 13 (9–17) | 10 (7–13) | |
| Neoplasm of gum (C03) | 35 | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | |
| Neoplasm of floor of mouth (C04) | 38 | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | |
| Neoplasm of palate (C05) | 72 | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | |
| Neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of mouth (C06) | 566 | 24 (18–32) | 14 (10–18) | 11 (8–14) | |
| Anal carcinoma (C21) | 278 | 88% (85–91) | 245 (236–253) | 93 (90–96) | 151 (146–157) |
| Laryngeal cancer (C32) | 1480 | 4.6% (3.3–6.1) | 68 (49–90) | 61 (44–80) | 7 (5–10) |
| Vulvar carcinoma (C51) | 497 | 16.6% (12.5–19.8) | 82 (62–98) | - | 82 (62–98) |
| Vaginal carcinoma (C52) | 93 | 78% (68–86) | 73 (63–80) | - | 73 (63–80) |
| Cervix uteri carcinoma (C53) | 442 | 100% | 442 | - | 442 |
| Penile carcinoma (C60) | 121 | 51% (47–55) | 62 (57–67) | 62 (57–67) | - |
| Epstein–Barr virus | |||||
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (C11) | 211 | 96.7% | 204 | 149 | 55 |
| Hodgkin’s lymphoma (C81) | 424 | 36% (32–39) | 153 (136–165) | 91 (81–99) | 61 (54–66) |
| Burkitt’s lymphoma (C83.7) | 51 | 20% | 10 | 7 | 3 |
| Human herpesvirus type 8 | |||||
| Kaposi’s sarcoma (C46) | 137 | 100% | 137 | 76 | 61 |
| Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 | |||||
| Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (C91.5) | 7 | 100% | 7 | 3 | 4 |
* 95% CIs were not available in the literature for all the population attributable fractions considered; § Estimates for the two sexes may not add up to total estimated number of each cancer type; ICD-10, 10th International Classification of Diseases code; PAF, population attributable fraction; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval