Table 1.
Sample characteristics of rural communities (n = 18,607).
| Characteristics By | Frequency, n (%) | Mean ± SD | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age | 18,607 (100.0) | 47.6 ± 16.9 | 18 | 98 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Malay | 12,113 (65.1) | |||
| Indian | 1831 (9.8) | |||
| Chinese | 4181 (22.5) | |||
| Others | 436 (2.3) | |||
| Total | 18,561 (99.7) | |||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 10,280 (55.2) | |||
| Male | 8323 (44.7) | |||
| Total | 18,603 (99.9) | |||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 3468 (18.6) | |||
| Married | 13,026 (70) | |||
| Separated/Divorced | 329 (1.8) | |||
| Widow | 1610 (8.7) | |||
| Others | 168 (0.9) | |||
| Total | 18,601 (100) | |||
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||
| Employment Status | ||||
| Housewife/Househusband | 5326 (28.6) | |||
| Not Working | 2288 (12.3) | |||
| Paid Employment | 6385 (34.3) | |||
| Pensioners/Pensions | 997 (5.4) | |||
| Self Employed | 2878 (15.5) | |||
| Others | 653 (3.5) | |||
| Total | 18,527 (99.6) | |||
| Income Groups | ||||
| B40 | 12,742 (68.5) | 1740.35 ± 999.60 | 0 | 3850 |
| M40 | 3449 (18.5) | 5408.64 ± 1186.69 | 3880 | 8300 |
| T20 | 620 (3.3) | 9778.68 ± 960.83 | 8350 | 11,600 |
| Total | 16,811 (90.3) | 2789.40 ± 2263.56 | 0 | 11,600 |
| Education Status | ||||
| No Formal Education | 497 (2.7) | |||
| Primary | 5696 (30.6) | |||
| Secondary | 9967 (53.6) | |||
| Tertiary | 1558 (8.4) | |||
| Other | 549 (3) | |||
| Total | 18,267 (98.3) | |||
| Mental Health Status | ||||
| Depression | ||||
| None | 15,241 (81.9) | |||
| Mild/Moderate | 2369 (12.7) | |||
| Severe/Extremely Severe | 850 (4.6) | |||
| Total | 18,460 (99.2) | |||
| Stress | ||||
| None | 17,037 (91.6) | |||
| Mild/Moderate | 1199 (6.4) | |||
| Severe/Extremely Severe | 343 (1.8) | |||
| Total | 18,579 (99.8) | |||
| Anxiety | ||||
| None | 14,490 (77.9) | |||
| Mild/Moderate | 2701 (14.5) | |||
| Severe/Extremely Severe | 1291 (6.9) | |||
| Total | 18,482 (99.3) | |||
| Diagnosed Chronic Diseases | ||||
| Heart Disease | ||||
| No | 17,387 (93.4) | |||
| Yes | 554 (3) | |||
| Total | 17,941 (96.4) | |||
| Stroke | ||||
| No | 17,811 (95.7) | |||
| Yes | 170 (0.9) | |||
| Total | 17,981 (96.6) | |||
| Asthma | ||||
| No | 17,321 (93.1) | |||
| Yes | 680 (3.7) | |||
| Total | 18,001 (96.8) | |||
| Kidney Disease | ||||
| No | 17,721 (95.2) | |||
| Yes | 140 (0.8) | |||
| Total | 17,861 (96) | |||
| Urinary Tract Disease | ||||
| No | 17,742 (95.4) | |||
| Yes | 169 (0.9) | |||
| Total | 17,911 (96.3) | |||
| Arthritis | ||||
| No | 16,186 (87) | |||
| Yes | 1718 (9.2) | |||
| Total | 17,904 (96.2) | |||
| Quality Of Life Domains | ||||
| Physical | 18,501 (99.4) | 60.5 ± 11.8 | 0 | 100 |
| Psychological | 18,507 (99.5) | 70.9 ± 12.6 | 12.50 | 100 |
| Social | 15,734 (84.6) | 70.3 ± 14.0 | 0 | 100 |
| Environmental | 18,515 (99.5) | 65.8 ± 12.9 | 0 | 100 |
Note: Total does not add up due to missing values, SD—standard deviation.