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. 2020 Nov 24;25(23):5506. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235506

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Mechanochemical Suzuki polymerization reaction of 4-bromophenylboronic acid to poly(para-phenylene) (PPP). The catalyst was simplified from a Pd salt to Pd black and to simply Pd milling balls. PMB: planetary ball mill; MM: mixer ball mill. Reproduced with the permission of reference [48], Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany.