Table 2.
Factors Associated With Removal of a Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Method* During the Zika Contraception Access Network Program (May 4, 2016–September 23, 2017) Among 20,381 Women Who Received a Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Method at the Initial Visit
| Characteristics | Removal (n=719) |
No Removal (n=19,662) |
Unadjusted PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | ||||
| Younger than 20 | 144/705 (20.4) | 4,221/19,480 (21.7) | Referent | Referent |
| 21–24 | 214/705 (30.4) | 5,804/19,480 (29.8) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) |
| 25–34 | 276/705 (39.2) | 7,119/19,480 (36.6) | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.27) |
| Older than 35 | 71/705 (10.1) | 2,336/19,480 (12.0) | 0.89 (0.69–1.15) | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Single | 304/705 (43.0) | 8,126/19,411 (42.0) | Referent | Referent |
| Married or partnered | 401/705 (56.9) | 11,285/19,411 (58.0) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) |
| Education | ||||
| Less than 12 y | 241/703 (34.3) | 7,569/19,400 (39.0) | Referent | Referent |
| College or graduate degree | 462/703 (65.7) | 11,831/19,400 (61.0) | 1.22 (1.04–1.43)‡ | 1.24 (1.03–1.48)‡ |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Private or other | 288/697 (41.3) | 7,786/19,254 (40.4) | Referent | Referent |
| Public | 361/697 (51.8) | 10,328/19,254 (53.6) | 0.95 (0.77–1.16) | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) |
| None | 48/697 (6.9) | 1,140/19,254 (5.9) | 1.13 (0.83–1.55) | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) |
| Previous live birth | ||||
| 0 | 242/697 (34.7) | 6,593/19,184 (34.4) | Referent | Referent |
| 1 or more | 455/697 (65.3) | 12,591/19,184 (65.6) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) |
| Breastfeeding at time of initial visit | ||||
| No | 605/703 (86.1) | 15,657/19,238 (81.4) | Referent | Referent |
| Yes | 98/703 (13.9) | 3,581/19,238 (18.6) | 0.72 (0.58–0.88)‡ | 0.67 (0.54–0.84)‡ |
| Effectiveness of contraceptive method used before Z-CAN§ | ||||
| None | 318/710 (44.8) | 8,966/19,471 (46.1) | Referent | Referent |
| Least | 232/710 (32.7) | 6,200/19,471 (31.8) | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 1.02 (0.84–1.22) |
| Moderately | 141/710 (19.9) | 3,452/19,471 (17.7) | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) |
| Most | 19/710 (2.7) | 853/19,471 (4.4) | 0.64 (0.42–0.97)‡ | 0.55 (0.33–0.90)‡ |
| Clinic type where initial visit occurred | ||||
| CHC | 111/719 (15.4) | 3,398/19,662 (17.3) | Referent | Referent |
| Private practice or other | 608/719 (84.6) | 16,264/19,662 (82.7) | 1∙14 (0.90–1.44) | 1∙08 (0.85–1.38) |
PR, prevalence ratio; Z-CAN, Zika Contraceptive Access Network; CHC, Community Health Center.
Data are n/N (%) unless otherwise specified.
Removed and reported by a Z-CAN provider.
Each characteristic in the table was adjusted for all other characteristics.
95% CI does not include 1.
Least effective contraceptive methods include male and female condoms, withdrawal, sponge, fertility awareness methods, and spermicides. Moderately effective contraceptive methods include injectables, pills, patch, ring, and diaphragm. Most effective contraceptive methods include intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and partner sterilization. Sterilized women were not eligible for Z-CAN services.