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. 2020 Nov 25;17(23):8754. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17238754

Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, and results of the multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) for study variables at pretest (time 1), posttest (time 2), and follow-up (time 3), comparing experimental, placebo, and control groups.

Variable Group M (SD) Results of MANOVA
Pre (T1) Post (T2) Follow-up (T3) Pre (T1) Post (T2) Follow-up (T3)
Univariate F, p-Value ηp2 Univariate F, p-Value ηp2 Univariate F, p-Value ηp2
PsyCap E 4.47
(0.559)		 4.66
(0.503)		 4.69
(0.513)		 0.020,
0.981		 0.000 1.673,
0.193		 0.032 1.705,
0.187		 0.033
P 4.48
(0.434)		 4.52
(0.489)		 4.51
(0.473)
C 4.49
(0.514)		 4.44
(0.554)		 4.49
(0.532)
Job Satisfaction E 3.29
(0.651)		 3.52
(0.632)		 3.57
(0.636)		 0.048,
0.952		 0.001 0.438,
0.646		 0.009 0.852,
0.430		 0.017
P 3.34
(0.689)		 3.38
(0.812)		 3.41
(0.785)
C 3.33
(0.795)		 3.38
(0.774)		 3.35
(0.782)
Turnover Intention E 3.65
(1.64)		 3.45
(1.51)		 3.48
(1.59)		 0.314,
0.731		 0.006 0.725,
0.487		 0.014 0.308,
0.736		 0.006
P 3.69
(1.80)		 3.90
(1.63)		 3.77
(1.59)
C 3.39
(1.69)		 3.62
(1.58)		 3.52
(1.59)
Job Embeddedness E 3.12
(0.471)		 3.16
(0.618)		 3.15
(0.535)		 0.671,
0.514		 0.013 0.051,
0.950		 0.001 0.172,
0.842		 0.003
P 2.99
(0.899)		 3.14
(0.904)		 3.15
(0.861)
C 3.18
(0.671)		 3.20
(0.763)		 3.07
(0.609)

Note. Group: E = Experimental; P = Placebo; C = Control. N (experimental group) = 38; N (placebo group) = 31; N (control group) = 35. df = 2; ηp2 = partial eta-squared.